doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.363-367
Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]
Article history: Received: 01-11-2016, Accepted: 14-02-2017, Published online: 30-03-2017
Corresponding author: Irfan Ahmad Mir
E-mail: mirirfan123@gmail.com
Citation: Hamid S, Bhat MA, Mir IA, Taku A, Badroo GA, Nazki S, Malik A (2017) Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis, Veterinary World, 10(3): 363-367.Aim: This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of methicillin-sensitive and Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from bovine mastitis and to characterize them with respect to antibiotic resistance gene mecA.
Materials and Methods: A total of 160 mastitic milk samples were screened for the presence of S. aureus. The presumptive positive isolates were confirmed using nuc and 23S rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction. All the confirmed isolates were subjected to in vitro antibiogram using a number of antibiotics. Isolates which showed resistance against methicillin were characterized for the presence of mecA gene.
Results: Out of the total 160 milk samples, 36 (22.5%) samples yielded S. aureus. The in vitro antibiogram revealed that 16.6% S. aureus isolates were resistant to all antibiotics screened for and 5.5% isolates were sensitive to all of them. Furthermore, the study found 94.4%, 83.3%, 77.7%, 66.6%, 50%, and 27.7% of S. aureus isolates resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-sulbactam, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and methicillin, respectively. Out of the 36 S. aureus isolates, only 6 (16.6%) isolates were confirmed as MRSA while rest were MSSA.
Conclusion: The higher occurrence of S. aureus-mediated mastitis was concluded due to improper hygienic and poor farm management. The multiple drug resistance reveals the indiscriminate use of drugs and presence of methicillin resistance gene determinant is an alarming situation as such infections are difficult to treat.
Keywords: bovine, mastitis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, mecA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
1. Johnson, R.C., Ellis, M.W., Schlett, C.D., Millar, E.V., LaBreck, P.T., Mor, D., Elassal, E.M., Lanier, J.B., Redden, C.L., Cui, T., Teneza-Mora, N., Bishop, D.K., Hall, E.R., Bishop-Lilly, K.A. and Merrell, D.S. (2016) Bacterial etiology and risk factors associated with cellulitis and purulent skin abscesses in military trainees. PLoS One, 10: e0165491. [Crossref]
2. Vanderhaeghen, W., Cerpentier, T., Adriaensen, C., Vicca, J., Hermans, K. and Butaye, P. (2010) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis in Belgian cows. Vet. Microbiol., 144(1-2): 166-171. [Crossref] [PubMed]
3. Artursson, K., Soderlund, R., Liu, L., Monecke, S. and Schelin, J. (2016) Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis and correlation to phenotypic characteristics. Vet. Microbiol., 193: 156-161. [Crossref] [PubMed]
4. Reshi, A.A., Husain, I., Bhat, S.A., Rehman, M.U., Razak, R., Bilal, S. and Mir, M.R. (2015) Bovine mastitis as an evolving disease and its impact on the dairy industry. Int. J. Curr. Res. Rev., 7(5): 48-55.
5. Wells, S.J., Ott, S.L. and Hillberg-Seitzinger, A. (1998) Key health issues for dairy cattle-new and old. Symposium emerging health issues. J. Dairy Sci., 87: 2073-2084.
6. Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Leonard, F.C., Hartigan, P., Fanning, S. and Fitz-Patrick, E.S. (2011) Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK.
7. Fagundes, H. and Oliveira, C.A.F. (2004) Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections and its implications in public health. Cien. Rural, 34: 1315-1320. [Crossref]
8. Iqbal, Z., Seleem, M.N., Hussain, H.I., Huang, L., Hao, H. and Yuan, Z. (2016) Comparative virulence studies and transcriptome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from animals. Sci. Rep., 6: 35442. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
9. Robinson, D.A. and Enright, M.C. (2003) Evolutionary models of the emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47: 3926-3934. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
10. Rajabiani, A., Kamrani, F., Boroumand, M.A. and Saffar, H. (2014) Mec-A-mediated resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in a referral hospital, Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J. Microbiol., 4: 9181. [Crossref]
11. Singh, P. and Prakash, A. (2008) Isolation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes from milk products sold under market conditions at Agra region. Acta Agric. Slov., 92(1): 83-88.
12. Louie, L., Goodfellow, J., Mathieu, P., Glatt, A., Louie, M. and Simor, A.E. (2002) Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from blood culture bottles by using a multiplex PCR assay. J. Clin. Microbiol., 40(8): 2786-2790. [Crossref] [PMC]
13. Straub, J.A., Hertel, C. and Hammes, W.P.A. (1999) 23S rRNA-targeted polymerase chain reaction based system for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in meat starter cultures and dairy products. J. Food. Prot., 62: 1150-1156. [Crossref] [PubMed]
14. Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sheris, J. and Truck, M. (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 145: 225-230.
15. Padhy, A., Sahu, A.R., Shekhar, S., Sahoo, S., Sahoo, A. and Dalai, N. (2015) Staphylococcus aureus: An emergent cause of bovine mastitis in India - A review. Int. J. Livest. Res., 5(2): 1-7. [Crossref]
16. Shitandi, A. and Sternesjo, A. (2004) Prevalence of multidrug resistant S. aureus in milk from large and small scale producers in Kenya. J. Dairy Sci., 87: 4145-4149. [Crossref]
17. Cortimiglia, C., Luini, M., Bianchini, V., Marzagalli, L., Vezzoli, F., Avisani, D., Bertoletti, M., Ianzano, A., Franco, A. and Battisti, A. (2016) Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clonal complexes in bulk tank milk from dairy cattle herds in Lombardy region (Northern Italy). Epidemiol. Infect., 14: 3046-3051. [Crossref] [PubMed]
18. Unnerstad, E.H., Lindberg, A., Waller, P.K., Ekman, T., Artursson, K., Nilsson-Ost, M. and Bengtsson, B. (2009) Carried a nation-wide study on the microbial aetiology of cases of acute clinical mastitis. Vet. Microbiol., 137: 90-97. [Crossref] [PubMed]
19. Kuzma, K., Malinowski, E., Lassa, H. and Klossowska, A. (2003) Specific detection of Staphylococcus aureus by PCR in intramammary infection. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 47: 183-190.
20. Bharathy, S., Gunaseelan, L., Porteen, K. and Bojiraj, M. (2015) Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk. Int. J. Adv. Res., 3(1): 801-806.
21. Lozano, C., Gharsa, H., Ben Slama, K., Zarazaga, M. and Torres, C. (2016) Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food: Methicillin resistance, prevalence and population structure. A review in the African continent. Microorganisms, 4(1): 12. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
22. Sori, T., Hussien, J. and Bitew, M. (2011) Prevalence and susceptibility assay of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy farms of Jimma town, South West Ethiopia. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10(6): 745-749. [Crossref]
23. Khakpoor, M., Safarmashaei, S. and Jafary, R. (2011) Study of milk extracted from cows related to Staphylococcus aureus by culturing and PCR. Glob. Vet., 7(6): 572-575.
24. Mubarack, H.M., Doss, A., Vijayasanthi, M. and Venkataswamy, R. (2012) Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, South India. Vet. World, 5(6): 352-355. [Crossref]
25. Hussain, A., Shakoor, A., Yousaf, A., Rehman, S.U. and Zaman, M.A. (2012) Clinical and subclinical Staphylococcus auerus in dairy buffaloes: Disease characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of isolates. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 22: 217-220.