doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1264-1268
Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]
Article history: Received: 24-06-2017, Accepted: 25-09-2017, Published online: 24-10-2017
Corresponding author: Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
E-mail: sharafati.reza@gmail.com
Citation: Chaleshtori FS, Arani NM, Aghadavod E, Naseri A, Chaleshtori RS (2017) Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli recovered from traditional milk products in Kashan, Iran, Veterinary World, 10(10): 1264-1268.Aim: Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains as emerging groups of foodborne pathogens are responsible for most foodborne illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in STEC isolated from traditional milk products and their molecular characterization.
Materials and Methods: A total of 116 samples were randomly purchased from local markets in Kashan, Iran, and evaluated for the occurrence of STEC by culturing and molecular methods. The antibiotic resistance of obtained isolates was determined by Kirby Bauer method. Furthermore, isolates were assayed for the presence of Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) and intimin gene (eae).
Results: The incidence of E. coli in 60 ice cream, 30 yoghurt, and 26 cheese samples was 8.33%, 10%, and 11.54%, respectively. The findings showed that 11 out of 11 (100%) E. coli had both stx1 and stx2 while eae gene was not found in E. coli isolated of traditional milk products. For E. coli strains carrying stx1 and stx2, highest antibiotic sensitive levels were related to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed relationship between the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. These results can be used for further studies on STEC as an emerging foodborne pathogen.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, milk products, molecular characterization.
1. Elhadidy, M. and Mohammed, M.A. (2013) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from raw milk cheese in Egypt: Prevalence, molecular characterization and survival to stress conditions. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 56(2): 120-127. [Crossref] [PubMed]
2. Lara, V.M., Carregaro, A.B., Santurio, D.F., de Sa, M.F., Santurio, J.M. and Alves, S.H. (2016) Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from Alouatta spp. feces to essential oils. Evid. Base. Compl. Altern. Med., 1643762(10): 30.
3. Garbaj, A.M., Awad, E.M., Azwai, S.M., Abolghait, S.K., Naas, H.T., Moawad, A.A., Gammoudi, F.T., Barbieri, I. and Eldaghayes, I.M. (2016) Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 in milk and dairy products from Libya: Isolation and molecular identification by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. Vet. World., 9(11): 1184-1189. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
4. Sharafati-Chaleshtori, R. and Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014) Screening of antibacterial effect of the Scrophularia striata against E. coli in vitro. J. Herb. Med. Pharmacol., 3(1): 31-34.
5. Assumpcao, G.L.H., Cardozo, M.V., Beraldo, L.G., Maluta, R.P., Silva, J.T., Avila, F.A.D., McIntosh, D. and Rigobelo, E.C. (2015) Antimicrobials resistance patterns and the presence of stx1, stx2 and eae in Escherichia coli. Rev. Bras. Saude Prod. Anim., 16(2): 308-316. [Crossref]
6. Hessain, A.M., Al-Arfaj, A.A., Zakri, A.M., El-Jakee, J.K., Al-Zogibi, O.G., Hemeg, H.A. and Ibrahim, I.M. (2015) Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 recovered from meat and meat products relevant to human health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 22(6): 725-729. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
7. Nagachinta, S. and Chen, J. (2008) Transfer of class 1 integron-mediated antibiotic resistance genes from shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli to a susceptible E. coli K-12 strain in storm water and bovine feces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74(16): 5063-5067. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
8. Boerlin, P., Travis, R., Gyles, C.L., Reid-Smith, R., Janecko, N., Lim, H., Nicholson, V., McEwen, S.A. and Friendship, R. (2005) Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolates from swine in Ontario. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71(11): 6753-6761. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
9. Zhang, P., Shen, Z., Zhang, C., Song, L., Wang, B., Shang, J., Yue, X., Qu Z, Li X, Wu, L., Zheng, Y., Aditya, A., Wang, Y., Xu, S. and Wu, C. (2017) Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli from chicken and swine, China, 2008-2015. Vet. Microbiol., 203: 49-55. [Crossref] [PubMed]
10. Cook, A., Reid-Smith, R.J., Irwin, R.J., McEwen, S.A., Young, V., Butt, K. and Ribble, C. (2011) Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from retail milk-fed veal meat from Southern Ontario, Canada. J. Food Prot., 74(8): 1328-1333. [Crossref] [PubMed]
11. Odenthal, S., Akineden, O. and Usleber, E. (2016) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in bulk tank milk from German dairy farms. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 238: 72-78. [Crossref] [PubMed]
12. Momtaz, H., Dehkordi, F.S., Rahimi, E. and Asgarifar, A. (2013) Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, and Vibrio cholerae in tap water and bottled drinking water in Isfahan, Iran. BMC Publ. Health, 13(1): 556. [Crossref]
13. CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2014) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. Available from: http://www.microbiolab-bg.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/CLSI-2014.pdf. Last accessed on 20-03-2017.
14. Hande, G., Arzu, F., Nilgun, G., Serhat, A.S., Alper, C., Ece, K., Serhat, A. and Murat, F. (2015) Investigation on the etiology of subclinical mastitis in Jersey and Hybrid Jersey dairy cows. Acta Vet., 65(3): 358-370. [Crossref]
15. Claeys, W.L., Cardoen, S., Daube, G., De Block, J., Dewettinck, K., Dierick, K. and Herman, L. (2013) Raw or heated cow milk consumption: Review of risks and benefits. Food Contr., 31: 251-262. [Crossref]
16. Ombarak, R.A., Hinenoya, A., Awasthi, S.P., Iguchi, A., Shima, A., Elbagory, A.R. and Yamasaki, S. (2016) Prevalence and pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and raw milk cheese in Egypt. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 221: 69-76. [Crossref] [PubMed]
17. Paudyal, N., Anihouvi, V., Hounhouigan, J., Matsheka, M.I., Sekwati-Monang, B., Amoa-Awua, W., Atter, A., Ackah, N.B., Mbugua, S., Asagbra, A., Abdelgadir, W., Nakavuma, J., Jakobsen, M. and Fang, W. (2017) Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food from selected African countries-a meta-analysis. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 249: 35-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
18. Rey, J., Sanchez, S., Blanco, J.E., Hermoso de Mendoza, J., Hermoso de Mendoza, M., Garcia, A., Tejero, N., Rubio, R. and Alonso, J.M. (2006). Prevalence, serotypes and virulence genes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from ovine and caprine milk and other dairy products in Spain. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 107(2): 212-217. [Crossref] [PubMed]
19. Neill, M.A. (1997) Overview of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J. Food Protect., 60(11): 1444-1446. [Crossref]
20. Kruger, A. and Lucchesi, P.M. (2015) Shiga toxins and stx phages: Highly diverse entities. Microbiology, 161(3): 451-462. [Crossref] [PubMed]
21. Douellou, T., Delannoy, S., Ganet, S., Fach, P., Loukiadis, E., Montel, M.C. and Sergentet-Thevenot, D. (2017) Molecular characterization of O157:H7, O26:H11 and O103:H2 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from dairy products. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 253: 59-65. [Crossref] [PubMed]
22. Cergole-Novella, M.C., Pignatari, A.C., Castanheira, M. and Guth, B.E. (2011) Molecular typing of antimicrobial-resistant Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains (STEC) in Brazil. Res. Microbiol., 162(2): 117-123. [Crossref] [PubMed]
23. Sharafati-chaleshtori, R., Sharafati-chaleshtori, F. and Karimi A. (2010) Antibiotic resistance pattern of staphylococcus strains isolated from orange and apple juices in Shahre-Kord, Iran. Pak. J. Med. Sci., 26(3): 615-618.