doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.161-166
Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]
Article history: Received: 11-10-2017, Accepted: 03-01-2018, Published online: 10-02-2018
Corresponding author: Rini Devijanti Ridwan
E-mail: rini-d-r@fkg.unair.ac.id
Citation: Ridwan RD, Sidarningsih, Kusumaningsih T, Salim S (2018) Effect of lipopolysaccharide derived from surabaya isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on alveolar bone destruction, Veterinary World, 11(2): 161-166.Background: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans' lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a high virulence factor. It interacts with serum protein through receptors on the epithelial cell surface, thereby increasing both interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 which results in damage to periodontal tissue.
Aim: The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the effect of LPS derived from local isolates (A. actinomycetemcomitans) on the destruction of alveolar bone by means of several biomarkers, including; the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the expression of IL-6, matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP-1), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-? ligand (RANKL).
Materials and Methods: The isolation of LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans was calculated using phenol, while purification was performed using Sephadex C-18 column chromatography. 40 Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 10. Each treatment was divided into two groups which were 0.9% NaCl and LPS induced for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Gingival and alveolar bones were further introduced into the induction area, followed by the measuring of osteoblast and osteoclast with hematoxylin-eosin staining, IL-6, MMP-1 and RANKL expression with immunohistochemical.
Results: Reduced numbers of osteoblasts at the 7th and 14th day of treatment were detected, while those of osteoclasts increased. There was an increased expression of IL-6, MMP-1, and RANKL in the 7th and 14th-day treatment group. Treatment of LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans over 7 and 14 days resulted in damage to periodontal tissue and alveolar bone in Wistar rats.
Conclusion: LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans administration for 7 and 14 days causes periodontal and alveolar tissue destruction in Wistar rats.
Keywords: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans local isolate, lipopolysaccharide, interleukineIL-6, matrix metallopeptidase-1, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand.
1. Luo, Q., Yang, X., Yu, S., Shi, H., Wang, K., Xiao, L., Zhu, G., Sun, C., Li, T., Li, D. and Zhang, X. (2017) Structural basis for lipopolysaccharide extraction by ABC transporter LptB2FG. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 24: 469-474. [Crossref] [PubMed]
2. Tessaro, F.H., Ayala, T.S., Nolasco, E.L., Bella, L.M. and Martins, J.O. (2017) Insulin influences LPS-induced TNF-a and IL-6 release through distinct pathways in mouse macrophages from different compartments. Cell Physiol. Biochem., 42: 2093-2104. [Crossref] [PubMed]
3. Shaddox, L.M., Goncalves, P.F., Vovk, A., Allin, N., Huang, H., Hou, W., Aukhil I. and Wallet, S.M. (2013) LPS-induced inflammatory response after therapy of aggressive periodontitis. J. Dent. Res., 92: 702-708. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
4. Takahashi, N., Kobayashi, M., Takaki, T., Takano, K., Miyata, M., Okamatsu, Y., Hasegawa, K., Nishihara, T. and Yamamoto, M. (2008) Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysacharide stimulates collagen pagocytosis by human gingival fibroblast. Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 23: 259-264. [Crossref] [PubMed]
5. Patil, C., Rossa, C. Jr. and Kirkwood, K.L. (2006) Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide induces interleukin-6 expression through multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 21: 392-398. [Crossref] [PubMed]
6. Janus, M.M., Crielaard, W., Volgenant, C.M.C., van der Veen, M.H., Brandt, B.W. and Krom, B.P. (2017) Candida albicans alters the bacterial microbiome of early in vitro oral biofilms. J. Oral Microbiol., 9: 1270613. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
7. Younis, G., Awad, A., Dawod, R.E. and Nehal, E. (2017) Antimicrobial activity of yeasts against some pathogenic bacteria. Vet. World, 10: 979-983. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
8. Westerman, R.B., He, Y., Keen, J.E., Littledike, E.T. and Kwang, J. (1997) Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157. J. Clin. Microbiol., 35: 679-684. [PubMed] [PMC]
9. Dumistrescu, A.L. (2006) Histological comparison of periodontal inflammatory changes in two models of experimental periodontitis the rat. A pilot study. Timisoara Med. J., 56: 211-217.
10. Li, S.D., Chen, Y.B., Qiu, L.G. and Qin, M.Q. (2017) G-CSF indirectly induces apoptosis of osteoblasts during hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Clin. Transl. Sci., 10: 287-291. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
11. Stralberg, F., Kassem, A., Kasprzykowski, F., Abrahamson, M., Grubb, A., Lindholm, C. and Lerner, U.H. (2017) Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo by cysteine proteinase inhibitors. J. Leukoc. Biol., 101: 1233-1243. [Crossref] [PubMed]
12. Nirwana, I., Rachmadi, P. and Rianti, D. (2017) Potential of pomegranate fruit extract (Punica granatum Linn.) to increase vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor expressions on the post-tooth extraction wound of Cavia Cobaya. Vet. World, 10: 999-1003. [Crossref]
13. Nair, S.P., Meghji, S., Wilson, M., Reddi, K., White, P. and Henderson, B. (1996) Bacterially induced bone destruction: Mechanisms and misconceptions. Infect. Immun., 64(7): 2371-2380. [PubMed] [PMC]
14. Schreiner, H., Markowitz, K., Miryalkar, M., Moore, D., Diehl, S. and Fine, D.H. (2010) Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced bone loss and antibody response in three rat strain. J. Periodontol., 82: 1-16.
15. Graves, D.T., Oates, T. and Garlet, G.P. (2011) Review of osteoimmunology and the host response in endodontic and periodontal lesion. J. Oral Microbiol., 3: 5304. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
16. Nield-Gehrig, J.S. and Willmann, D.E. (2007) Foundation of Periodontics for the Dental Hygienist. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
17. Claesson, R., Johansson, A., Belibasakis, G., Hanstrom, L. and Kalfas, S. (2002) Release and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 8 from human neutrophils triggered by theleukotoxin of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J. Periodontal. Res., 37: 353-359. [Crossref] [PubMed]
18. Bullon, P., Chandler, L., Segura Egea, J.J., Cano, R.P. and Sahuquillo, A.M. (2007) Osteocalcin in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: Their relation with periodontal treatment outcome in postmenopausal women. Med. Oral. Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal., 12(3): E193-E197. [PubMed]