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Research
(Published
online: 26-07-2014)
16. Evaluation of efficacy of saponin and freund's incomplete
adjuvanted paratuberculosis vaccine in murine model
- Jubeda Begum,
Pranabananda Das, Madhu Cholenahalli Lingaraju, Sudhakar Ranjanna,
Karuna Irungbam, Anand Mohan and Radhika Syam
Veterinary World, 7(7): 528-535
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2014.528-535
Jubeda Begum: Division of Biological Products, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh,
India;
Present address: Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh,
India, email: jubedavet@gmail.com
Pranabananda Das: Division of Biological Products, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh,
India; drpdas61@gmail.com
Madhu Cholenahalli Lingaraju: Division of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar -
243122,
Uttar Pradesh, India; maddyvet@gmail.com
Sudhakar Ranjanna: Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
sudha@gmail.com
Karuna Irungbam: Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
kukuirungbam@gmail.com
Anand Mohan: Division of Biological Products, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh,
India; anand@gmail.com
Radhika Syam: Division of Biological Products, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh,
India; tinklerose786@gmail.com
Received: 15-04-2014, Revised: 12-06-2014, Accepted: 16-06-2014,
Published online: 26-07-2014
Corresponding author: Jubeda Begum, Present address:
Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India, email:
jubedavet@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: To compare the efficacy
between saponin adjuvanted paratuberculosis killed vaccine and
Freund's incomplete (FIC) adjuvanted paratuberculosis vaccine in
mice model.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for a period
of 11 months using 80 Swiss albino mice by dividing into four
groups (Group I-mice vaccinated with killed Mycobacterium avium
subspp. paratuberculosis (MAP) adjuvanted with saponin, Group II-
for FIC, Group III- Saponin control and Gr IV- FIC control).
Faecal shedding, changes in body weight, presence of local
reactions and clinical symptoms, were evaluated. Serological
assays for humoral and cell mediated immune response were
determined by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and nitric oxide
test (NO) respectively. A total of 76 serum samples, 52 faecal
samples and 20 tissue samples were collected at different
intervals during the study period. ZN staining; AGID test and
nitric oxide test were employed for analysis of samples.
Results: A total of 38 samples (37 faecal and 1 tissue
sample) and 18 serum samples were recorded as positive by ZN
staining and AGID test respectively from all four groups of mice.
Significant decrease in faecal shedding of organisms was observed
in Group I mice vaccinated with saponin adjuvanted vaccine in
comparison to Group II. Gain in body weight of Group I mice was
recorded as higher than Group II. NO test revealed increase in the
concentration of NO level in both vaccinated group but more
significant in Group I.
Conclusion: The tests results obtained revealed that killed
MAP vaccine adjuvanted with saponin have higher protective
efficacy in terms of reduced faecal shedding, gain in body weight,
less side effects, absence of attributable specific symptoms of
Johne's disease, etc. in comparison to killed MAP vaccine
adjuvanted with FIC. The present study also reveals that AGID and
NO estimation tests are specific tests which can be employed for
diagnosis and comparison of efficacy of paratuberculosis vaccine.
Keywords: AGID test, MAP (Mycobacterium avium subspecies
paratuberculosis), nitric oxide, saponin and Freund's incomplete
adjuvant, Ziehl Neelsen's staining.
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