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Review
(Published
online: 08-05-2014)
6. Adverse drug reaction and toxicity
caused by commonly used antimicrobials in canine practice
- K. Arunvikram, Ipsita Mohanty, K. K. Sardar, S. Palai, G. Sahoo
and R. C. Patra
Veterinary World, 7(5): 299-305
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2014.299-305
K. Arunvikram: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar -243122, Uttar
Pradesh, India
Ipsita Mohanty: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Veterinary College, Orissa University of Agricultural and
Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
K. K. Sardar: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Veterinary College, Orissa University of Agricultural and
Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
S. Palai: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Veterinary College, Orissa University of Agricultural and
Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
G. Sahoo: Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary College,
Orissa University of Agricultural and Technology, Bhubaneswar -
751 003, Odisha, India
R. C. Patra: Department of Clinical Medicine, Veterinary
College, Orissa University of Agricultural and Technology,
Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
Received: 20-03-2014, Revised: 05-04-2014, Accepted: 08-04-2014,
Published online: 08-05-2014
Corresponding author: Ipsita Mohanty, email:
mohantyipsita8@gmail.com
Abstract
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a
serious concern for practicing veterinarians and other health
professionals, and refers to an unintended, undesired and
unexpected response to a drug that negatively affects the
patient's health. It may be iatrogenic or genetically induced, and
may result in death of the affected animal. The ADRs are often
complicated and unexpected due to myriad clinical symptoms and
multiple mechanisms of drug-host interaction. Toxicity due to
commonly used drugs is not uncommon when they are used
injudiciously or for a prolonged period. Licosamides, exclusively
prescribed against anaerobic pyoderma, often ends with diarrhoea
and vomiting in canines. Treatment with Penicillin and β-lactam
antibiotics induces onset of pemphigious vulgare, drug allergy or
hypersensitivity. Chloroamphenicol and aminoglycosides causes
Gray's baby syndrome and ototoxicity in puppies, respectively.
Aminoglycosides are very often associated with nephrotoxicity,
ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockage. Injudicious use of
fluroquinones induces the onset of arthropathy in pups at the
weight bearing joints. The most effective therapeutic measure in
managing ADR is to treat the causative mediators, followed by
supportive and symptomatic treatment. So, in this prospective
review, we attempt to bring forth the commonly occurring adverse
drug reactions, their classification, underlying mechanism,
epidemiology, treatment and management as gleaned from the
literature available till date and the different clinical cases
observed by the authors.
Keywords: adverse drug reaction, allergy, antibiotics,
canines, drug interaction, hypersensitivity, toxicity.
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