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R esearch
(Published online: 21-03-2015)
20.
Patho-epidemiological study on Genotype-XIII
Newcastle disease virus infection in commercial vaccinated layer
farms - J. H. Khorajiya, Sunanda Pandey, Priya D.
Ghodasara, B. P. Joshi, K. S. Prajapati, D. J. Ghodasara and R. A.
Mathakiya
Veterinary World, 8(3): 372-381
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.372-381
J. H.
Khorajiya:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science
and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat - 388 001, India;
jainudeen_1990@rediffmail.com
Sunanda
Pandey:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science
and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat - 388 001, India;
drsunandapandey@gmail.com
Priya
D. Ghodasara:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science
and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat - 388 001, India;
pdghodasara.vet@gmail.com
B. P.
Joshi:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science
and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat - 388 001, India;
b4bpjoshi@gmail.com
K. S.
Prajapati:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science
and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat - 388 001, India;
kanti_prajapati@yahoo.com
D. J.
Ghodasara:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science
and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat - 388 001, India;
dinghodasara@gmail.com
R. A.
Mathakiya: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of
Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural
University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India;
dr_ramathakiya@yahoo.co.in
Received: 30-11-2014, Revised: 12-01-2015, Accepted: 16-01-2015,
Published online: 21-03-2015
Corresponding author:
Sunanda Pandey, e-mail: drsunandapandey@gmail.com
Citation:
Khorrajiya JH, Pandey
S, Ghodasara PD, Joshi BP, Prajapati KS, Hodasara DJ, Mathakiya RA
(2015) Patho-epidemiological study on genotype-XIII Newcastle
disease virus infection in commercial vaccinated layer farms.
Veterinary World 8(3):372-381.
Abstract
Aim:
The present research work was carried out to study the patho-epidemiological
aspects of Genotype-XIII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection
in commercial layer in and around Anand, Gujarat. As the outbreaks
have reported in vaccinated flocks, it was felt necessary to study
the disease with respect to its changing pathogenicity and
relevant aspects.
Materials and Methods: The study comprised of patho-epidemiology
of Newcastle disease (ND) by information collected from different
layer farms suffering from the disease in relation to incidence
pattern and mortality, duration of mortality, susceptible age, and
loss due to production performance. Clinical signs were recorded
based on observations. During postmortem, gross lesions were also
recorded. For histopathological examination visceral organs
according to lesions were collected in 10% formalin and processed
slide stained by hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic
examination. Cultivation of virus was done in embryonated specific
pathogen-free (SPF) eggs of 9-11 days and isolation of virus was
done for haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition
(HI) test and to identify pathotype of virus by intracerebral
pathogenicity index (ICPI) test to determine the virulence of
virus. The Genotype-XIII NDV was confirmed by F gene sequence and
whole genome sequence.
Results: During the study mortality due to ND was recorded in
13 layer flocks in spite of routine vaccination, which usually
contain Genotype-II strain of virus. The mortality was observed as
high as above 50% with an average of 21.21%. The susceptible age
for disease was found to be 6-14 weeks. The duration of mortality
observed was 23 days. The disease resulted in a significant
reduction in body weight, feed intake and drop in egg production.
Majority of the outbreaks appeared during extremely hot months of
April to June. Greenish diarrhoea was frequently seen in birds
that survived early in infection. Mortality continued for 2-3
weeks and reduced with appearance of torticollis. Gross lesions
were characterized by multifocal to diffuse hemorrhages around
proventricular glands, necrotic (diphtheritic) haemorrhagic ulcers
throughout the intestine, disseminated multiple foci of necrosis
and pin-point hemorrhages in the spleen parenchyma. The
microscopic lesions include focal to diffuse hemorrhages, diffuse
infiltration of mononuclear cells, necrosis, and degeneration in
visceral organs. All the 13 farm samples (n=13) resulted in death
of all the embryos following incubation up to 72 h
post-inoculation. All the 13 allantois fluids from field samples
along with F and R2B vaccine sample were found positive for HA
activity, which was further confirmed by HI using known NDV serum.
The values of ICPI were 2.0 which were indicative of velogenic
nature of the field NDV strain.
Conclusion: The study indicated that presently available live
and attenuated vaccines which include Genotype-II NDV have failed
in protecting the flocks against Genotype-XIII and resulted in
outbreaks with mortality above 50%. ICPI score of 2.0 confirmed
that the present outbreaks were due to Genotype-XIII NDV, which is
velogenic in nature.
Keywords: genotype, histopathology,
intra-cerebral pathogenicity index, Newcastle disease.
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