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R eview
(Published online: 05-03-2015)
3.
The commercial impact of pig Salmonella
spp. infections in border-free markets during an economic
recession -
G. Evangelopoulou, S.
Kritas, G. Christodoulopoulos and A. R. Burriel
Veterinary World, 8(3): 257-272
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.257-272
G.
Evangelopoulou:
Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly,
Karditsa, Greece;
matinavet@hotmail.com
S.
Kritas:
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, MKD,
Greece;
skritas@vet.auth.gr
G.
Christodoulopoulos:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly,
Karditsa, Greece;
gc@vet.uth.gr
A. R.
Burriel: Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of
Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece;
aburriel@vet.uth.gr
Received:
01-12-2014, Revised: 15-01-2015, Accepted: 21-01-2015, Published
online: 05-03-2015
Corresponding author:
G. Evangelopoulou, e-mail: matinavet@hotmail.com
Citation:
Evangelopoulou
G, Kritas S, Christodoulopoulos G, Burriel AR (2015), The
commercial impact of pig Salmonella spp. infections in
border-free markets during an economic recession, Veterinary
World 8(3):257-272.
Abstract
The genus Salmonella, a group of important
zoonotic pathogens, is having global economic and political
importance. Its main political importance results from the
pathogenicity of many of its serovars for man. Serovars
Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are
currently the most frequently associated to foodborne infections,
but they are not the only ones. Animal food products contaminated
from subclinically infected animals are a risk to consumers. In
border free markets, an example is the EU, these consumers at risk
are international. This is why, economic competition could use the
risk of consumer infection either to restrict or promote free
border trade in animals and their products. Such use of public
health threats increases during economic recessions in nations
economically weak to effectively enforce surveillance. In free
trade conditions, those unable to pay the costs of pathogen
control are unable to effectively implement agreed regulations,
centrally decided, but leaving their enforcement to individual
states. Free trade of animal food products depends largely on the
promotion of safety, included in "quality," when traders target
foreign markets. They will overtake eventually the markets of
those ineffectively implementing agreed safety regulations, if
their offered prices are also attractive for recession hit
consumers. Nations unable to effectively enforce safety
regulations become disadvantaged partners unequally competing with
producers of economically robust states when it comes to public
health. Thus, surveillance and control of pathogens like
Salmonella are not only quantitative. They are also political
issues upon which states base national trade decisions. Hence, the
quantitative calculation of costs incurring from surveillance and
control of animal salmonelloses, should not only include the cost
for public health protection, but also the long term international
economic and political costs for an individual state. These
qualitative and qualitative costs of man and animal Salmonella
infections should be calculated in the light of free trade and
open borders. Understandably, accurate calculation of the economic
and political costs requires knowledge of the many factors
influencing nationally the quality and safety of pork products and
internationally free trade. Thus, how Salmonella pig
infections affect commerce and public health across open borders
depends on a state’s ability to accurately calculate costs for the
surveillance and control of animal salmonelloses in general, and
pig infections as a particular example.
Keywords: control, economic crisis, pig, Salmonella,
salmonellosis.
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