Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
R esearch
(Published online:
22-11-2015)
10.
A retrospective study on findings of
canine hip dysplasia screening in Kenya -
Peter Kimeli, Susan W. Mbugua, Roger M. Cap, Gilbert Kirui,
Tequiero O. Abuom, Willy E. Mwangi,
Ambrose N. Kipyegon and John D. Mande
Veterinary World, 8(11): 1326-1330
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.1326-1330
Peter Kimeli:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
kimeli08@yahoo.com
Susan W. Mbugua:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
swmbugua80@gmail.com
Roger M. Cap:
Sercombe Veterinary Surgeons, P.O Box 24878-00502, Nairobi,
Kenya; roger.cap.rc@gmail.com
Gilbert Kirui:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
kgkirui@gmail.com
Tequiero O. Abuom:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
toabuom@uonbi.ac.ke
Willy E. Mwangi:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
drwillymwangi@yahoo.com
Ambrose N. Kipyegon:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi,
Kenya; kipyegongeno@yahoo.com
John D. Mande:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
jdemesi@gmail.com
Received: 15-06-2015, Revised: 27-09-2015, Accepted: 14-10-2015,
Published online: 22-11-2015
Corresponding author:
Peter Kimeli, e-mail: kimeli08@yahoo.com
Citation:
Kimeli P, Mbugua SW, Cap RM, Kirui G, Abuom TO, Mwangi WE,
Kipyegon AN, Mande JD (2015) A retrospective study on findings
of canine hip dysplasia screening in Kenya,
Veterinary World 8(11):
1326-1330.
Abstract
Aim:
The current study was undertaken to evaluate the findings of
canine hip dysplasia screening in Kenya.
Materials and Methods:
Records for 591 dogs were included in this study. The data was
obtained from the national screening office, Kenya Veterinary
Board, for the period between the years 1998 and 2014. Monthly
screening records were assessed and information relating to year
of evaluation, breed, sex, age, and hip score captured.
Descriptive statistics of hip scores was computed based on year,
sex, age, and breed.
Results:
A
total of 591 records from the year 1998 to 2014 were retrieved
at the National Screening Centre, the Kenya Veterinary Board.
Each record was examined and data pertaining to year of
screening, the breed, sex, age of the dogs, and the total hip
score were recorded. The highest number of dogs screened for hip
dysplasia (HD) was in the year 2009 and the lowest in the year
1998. More females than males were screened for HD and the mean
age of all the dogs was 22.9±12.7 months. The most common breeds
of dogs screened during the study period were German Shepherd
(67.0%), Rottweiler (15.6%), and Labrador Retriever (12.2%). The
mean hip score for the 591 dogs was 15.1±10.9 and the median
12.0. The mean hip scores per breed were; German Shepherd
(16.3±12.1); Golden Retriever (16.0); Hungarian Vizla (15.0);
Labrador Retriever (3.0±6.7); Great Dane (13.3±3.2); Rottweiler
(12.2±8.2); Doberman (10.3±4.2); Rhodesian Ridgeback (9.6±3.8);
and Boxer (9.3±0.6). Based on the hip score, moderate to severe
HD was diagnosed in 16.6% of the dogs, mild HD in 32.7%,
Borderline HD in 37.7%, fair HD in 6.9%, and good HD in 6.1%.
Conclusion:
Canine HD is a common occurrence in Kenya with most dogs
suffering mild to border line HD. In addition, German Shepherd
and Golden Retriever appear to be the most affected breeds. It
is therefore recommended that stringent measures be imposed to
dog breeding programs to avoid transmission of this undesirable
trait and consequently improve the welfare and the quality of
dog breeds in Kenya.
Keywords:
dogs, hip dysplasia, hip score, Kenya.
References
|
1. Raghuvir, H.B., Shivrajsinh, K.J., Dipak, N.S., Harit,
D.B., Chirag, A.B. and Naresh, H.K. (2013) Treatment of
canine hip dysplasia: A review. J. Anim. Sci. Adv., 3(12):
589-597. |
|
|
2. Dennis, R. (2012) Interpretation and use of BVA/KC hip
scores in dogs. Practice, 34: 178-194.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.e2270 |
|
|
3. Lust, G. (1997) An overview of the pathogenesis of canine
hip dysplasia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 210: 1443-1445.
PMid:9154194 |
|
|
|
4. Skurková, L. and Ledeckı, V. (2009) Early diagnosis of
canine hip dysplasia. Folia Vet., 53(2): 77-82. |
|
|
|
5. Todhunter, R.J. and Lust, G. (2003) Hip dysplasia:
Pathogenesis. In: Slatter, D., editor. Textbook of Small
Animal Surgery. Saunders, Philadelphia. p2009-2019. |
|
|
|
6. Flückiger, M. (2007) Scoring radiographs for canine hip
dysplasia - The big three organisations in the world. Euro.
J. Comp. Anim. Pract., 17(2): 135-140. |
|
|
7. Guo, G., Zhou, Z., Wang, Y., Zhao, K., Zhu, L., Lust, G.,
Hunter, L., Friedenberg, S., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Harris, S.,
Jones, P., Sandler, J., Krotscheck, U., Todhunter, R. and
Zhang, Z. (2011) Canine hip dysplasia is predictable by
genotyping. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 19: 420-429.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.12.011
PMid:21215318 PMCid:PMC3065507 |
|
|
8. Sanchez-Molano, E., Pong-Wong, R., Clements, D.N., Blott,
S.C., Wiener, P. and Woolliams, J.A. (2015) Genomic
prediction of traits related to canine dysplasia. Front.
Genet., 6: 97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00097
PMid:25821457 PMCid:PMC4358223 |
|
|
|
9. Coopman, F., Verhoeven, G., Paepe, D., van Bree, H.,
Duchateau, L. and Saunders, J.H. (2007) Inter observer
agreement on the radiographic assessment of canine hip
dysplasia. Vlaam. Diergeneeskd. Tijdschr., 76: 417-422. |
|
|
|
10. Nouh, S.R., Hoyda, M.A., Haithem, A.F. and Mohamed, M.S.
(2014) A retrospective study on canine hip dysplasia in
different breeds in Egypt. Glob. Vet., 13(4): 503-510. |
|
|
|
11. Ginja, M.M., Silvestre, A.M., Colaço, A.M., Gonzalo-Orden,
J., Melo-Pinto, J.M., Orden, P., Llorens-Pena M.A. and
Ferreira, A.J. (2008) Hip dysplasia in Estrela mountain dogs
– Prevalence and genetic trends 1991–2005. Vet. J., 46:
541-549. |
|
|
12. Kaneene, J.B., Mostosky, U.V. and Miller, R. (2009)
Update of a retrospective cohort study of changes in hip
joint phenotype of dogs evaluated by the OFA in the United
States, 1989-2003. Vet. Surg., 38: 398-405.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00475.x
PMid:19573105 |
|
|
13. Anderson, A. (2011) Treatment of hip dysplasia. J. Small
Anim. Pract., 52: 182-189.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01049.x
PMid:21906059 |
|
|
|
14. Panigrahi, P.N. (2014) Conservative treatment of hip
dysplasia in a Labrador dog - A case study. Vet. Res. Int.,
2(4): 105-107. |
|
|
|
15. Kirkby, A.K. and Lewis, D.D. (2009) Canine hip
dysplasia: Reviewing the evidence for nonsurgical
management. Vet. Surg., 41: 2-9. |
|
|
16. Vezzoni, A., Boiocchi, S., Vezzoni, L., Vanelli, A.B.
and Bronzo, V. (2010) Double pelvic osteotomy for the
treatment of hip dysplasia in young dogs. Vet. Comp. Orthop.
Traumatol., 23: 444-452.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-10-03-0034
PMid:20830453 |
|
|
|
17. Altunatmaz, K., Yucel, R., Devecioglu, Y., Saroglu, M.
and Ozsoy, S. (2003) Treatment of canine hip dysplasia using
triple pelvic osteotomy. Vet. Med. Czech, 48(1-2): 41-46. |
|
|
|
18. Yaprakci, M.V., Marek, G. and Katarzyna, S. (2013)
Clinical comparative evaluation of the V-cut pelvic
ostectomy in the management of canine hip dysplasia. Bull.
Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 57: 243-247. |
|
|
19. Jensen, D.J. and Sertl, G.O. (1992) Sertl shelf
arthroplasty in the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Vet.
Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract., 22: 683-701.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(92)50062-6 |
|
|
20. Oakes, M.G., Lewis, D.D., Elkins, A.D., Hosgood, G.,
Dial, S.M. and Oliver, J. (1996) Evaluation of shelf
arthroplasty as a treatment for hip dysplasia in dogs. J.
Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 208: 1838-1845.
PMid:8675471 |
|
|
|
21. Katariina, M. (2004) Breeding Against Hip and Elbow
Dysplasia in Dogs. Academic Dissertation, the Faculty of
Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki. |
|
|
22. Ginja, M.M.D., Silvestre, A.M., Gonzalo-Orden, J.M. and
Ferreira, A.J.A. (2010) Diagnosis, genetic control and
preventive management of canine hip dysplasia: A review.
Vet. J., 184(3): 269-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.009
PMid:19428274 |
|
|
23. Zhu, L., Zhang, Z. and Friedenberg, S. (2009) The long
(and winding) road to gene discovery for canine hip
dysplasia. Vet. J., 181(2): 97-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.02.008
PMid:19297220 PMCid:PMC2679856 |
|
|
24. Chase, K., Lawler, D.F., Adler, F.R., Ostrander, E.A.
and Lark, K.G. (2004) Bilaterally asymmetric effects of
quantitative trait loci (QTLs): QTLs that affect laxity in
the right versus left coxofemoral (hip) joints of the dog (Canis
familiaris). Am. J. Med. Genet. A., 124(3): 239-247.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.20363
PMid:14708095 PMCid:PMC2778498 |
|
|
25. Ginja, M.M., Silvestre, A.M. and Ferreira, A.J. (2008)
Passive hip laxity in Estrela mountain dog – Distraction
index, heritability and breeding values. Acta Vet. Hung.,
56(3): 303-312.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AVet.56.2008.3.4
PMid:18828482 |
|
|
26. Manley, P.A., Adams, W.M., Danielson, K.C., Duel, R.T.
and Linn, K.A. (2007) Long-term outcome of juvenile pubic
symphysiodesis and triple pelvic osteotomy in dogs with hip
dysplasia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 230(2): 206-210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.230.2.206
PMid:17223752 |
|
|
27. Sallander, M.H., Hedhammar, A. and Trogen, M.E.H. (2006)
Diet, exercise, and weight as risk factors in hip dysplasia
and elbow arthrosis in Labrador retrievers. J. Nutr., 136:
2050S-2052S.
PMid:16772494 |
|
