Open Access
Research
(Published
online:
03-02-2016)
2.
Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and
antioxidant effects of pioglitazone, insulin and synbiotic in
diabetic rats -
K. Kavitha, A. Gopala Reddy, K. Kondal Reddy, C. S. V. Satish
Kumar, G. Boobalan and K. Jayakanth
Veterinary World, 9(2): 118-122
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.118-122
K. Kavitha:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India;
kavithakalyan_23@yahoo.co.in
A. Gopala Reddy:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India;
gopalareddy123@rediffmail.com
K. Kondal Reddy:
Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of
Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India;
kkkredddy5@rediffmail.com
C. S. V. Satish Kumar:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India;
satish513512@gmail.com
G. Boobalan:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India;
bhupalvets@gmail.com
K. Jayakanth:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India;
dr.koppakajayakanth@gmail.com
Received: 15-07-2015, Revised: 10-12-2015, Accepted: 19-12-2015,
Published online: 03-02-2016
Corresponding author:
K. Kavitha, e-mail: kavithakalyan_23@yahoo.co.in
Citation:
Kavitha K, Reddy AG, Reddy KK, Kumar CSVS, Boobalan G, Jayakanth
K (2016) Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of
pioglitazone, insulin and synbiotic in diabetic rats,
Veterinary World 9(2):
118-122.
Abstract
Aim:
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of
combination treatment of insulin,
pioglitazone and synbiotic on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods:
Diabetes mellitus was induced chemically by intraperitoneal
administration of STZ (40 mg/kg b.wt) to male Sprague-Dawley
rats. The rats were divided randomly into six groups of six rats
in each. Group 1 was maintained as a normal control. Group 2 was
maintained as diabetic control; Group 3 was treated with
insulin; Group 4 with insulin + synbiotic; Group 5 with insulin
+ pioglitazone; and Group 6 with insulin + synbiotic +
pioglitazone. All the animals were treated for 60 days.
Results:
Body weights, and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH),
and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol were significantly
(p<0.05) reduced, whereas the concentration of blood glucose,
total cholesterol, triglycerides, protein carbonyls and
thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and the activity of GSH
peroxidase were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in Group 2 at
the end of 8th week as compared to Group 1. The treatment Groups
3, 4, 5 and 6 revealed improvement in all the parameters, and
the highest improvement was observed in combination Group 6.
Conclusion:
From this study, it is concluded that combination of insulin,
pioglitazone and synbiotic is useful in treating diabetes.
Keywords:
diabetes, insulin, oxidative stress, pioglitazone, synbiotic.
References
1. Wang, C., Guan, Y. and Yang, J. (2010) Cytokines in the
progression of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Int. J.
Endocrinol., 2010: 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/515136
PMid:21113299 PMCid:PMC2989452 |
|
|
2. Shanmugam, K.R., Mallikarjuna, K. and Reddy, K.S. (2011)
Effect of alcohol on blood glucose and antioxidant enzymes
in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. Indian J.
Pharmacol., 43: 330-335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.81504
PMid:21713042 PMCid:PMC3113389 |
|
|
3. Biswas, A., Rabbani, S.I. and Devi, K. (2012) Influence
of experimental heart failure and hyperlipidemia in rats.
Indian J. Pharmacol., 44: 333-339.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.96305
PMid:22701242 PMCid:PMC3371455 |
|
|
4. Pérez-Cobas, A.E., Moya, A., Gosalbes, M.J. and Latorre,
A. (2015) Colonization resistance of the gut microbiota
against Clostridium difficile. Antibiotics, 4: 337-357.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics4030337 |
|
|
5. Canis, P.D., Possemiers, S., Van de Wiele, T., Guiot, Y.,
Everard, A., Rottier, O., Geurts, L., Naslain, D., Neyrinck,
A. and Lambert, D.M. (2009) Changes in gut microbiota
control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism
involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut,
58: 1091-1103.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.165886
PMid:19240062 PMCid:PMC2702831 |
|
|
6. Asemi, Z., Khorrami-Rad, A., Alizadeh, S.A., Shakeri, H.
and Esmaillzadeh, A. (2014) Effects of synbiotic food
consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: A
double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical
trial. Clin. Nutr., 33(2): 198-203.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.015
PMid:23786900 |
|
|
7. Patterson, J.W. and Lazarow, A. (1955) Determination of
glutathione. Methods Biochem. Anal., 2: 259-278.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110188.ch9
PMid:14393570 |
|
|
8. Paglia, D.E. and Valentine, W.N. (1967) Studies on the
quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte
glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 70: 158-159.
PMid:6066618 |
|
|
9. Balasubramanian, K.A., Manohar, M. and Mathan, V.I.
(1988) An unidentified inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in
intestinal mucosa. Biochem. Biophys., 962: 51-58.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(88)90094-x |
|
|
10. Levine, R.L., Garland, D., Oliver, C.N., Amici, A.,
Climent, I., Lenz, A.G., Ahn, B.W., Shaltiel, S. and
Stadtman, E.R. (1990) Determination of carbonyl content in
oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol., 186:
464-478.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)86141-H |
|
|
11. Suthagar, E.S., Soudamani, S., Yuvaraj, S., Aruldhas,
M.M. and Balasubramanian, K. (2009) Effects of
streptozotocin-induced diabetes and insulin replacement on
rat ventral prostate. Biomed. Pharmacother., 63: 43-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2008.01.002
PMid:18313883 |
|
|
12. Derosa, G. and Maffioli, P. (2012) Peroxisome
proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists on
glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk.
Curr. Mol. Pharmacol., 5: 272-281.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467211205020272
PMid:22122457 |
|
|
13. Bogacka, I., Xie, H., Bray, G.A., and Smith, S.R. (2004)
The effect of pioglitazone on peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor-γ target genes related to
lipid storage in vivo. Diabetes Care, 27: 1660-1667.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.7.1660
PMid:15220243 |
|
|
14. Roselino, M.N., Pauly-Silveira, N.D., Cavallini, D.C.,
Celiberto, L.S., Pinto, R.A., Vendramini, R.C. and Rossi,
E.A. (2012) A potential synbiotic product improves the lipid
profile of diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis., 11: 114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-11-114
PMid:22963080 PMCid:PMC3502481 |
|
|
15. Devesh, C., Kritika, M., Anroop, N., Kumar, S.P. and
Sumeet, G. (2012) Spirulina reverses histomorphological
changes in diabetic osteoporosis in pioglitazone treated
rats. J. Diabetes Metab., S1-006: 2-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.s1-006 |
|
|
16. Ozasa, H., Ayaori, M., Iizuka, M., Terao, Y., UtoKondo,
H., Yakushiji, E. and Ikewaki, K. (2011) Pioglitazone
enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing
ABCA1/ABCG1 expressions via PPARγ/LXRα pathway: Findings
from in vitro and ex vivo studies. Atherosclerosis, 219:
141-150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.113
PMid:21862012 |
|
|
17. Vitali, B., Ndagijimana, M., Maccaferri, S., Biagi, E.,
Guerzoni, M.E. and Brigidi, P. (2012) An in vitro evaluation
of the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on the metabolic
profile of human microbiota. Anaerobe, 18: 386-391.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.04.014
PMid:22579985 |
|
|
18. Liong, M.T., Dunshea, F.R. and Shah, N.P. (2007) Effects
of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC
4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes
in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets.
Br. J. Nutr., 98: 736-744.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507747803
PMid:17490507 |
|
|
19. Hsiao, P.J., Hsieh, T.J., Kuo, K.K., Hung, W.W., Tsai,
K.B., Yang, C.H. and Shin, S.J. (2008) Pioglitazone
retrieves hepatic antioxidant DNA repair in a mice model of
high fat diet. BMC Mol. Biol., 9(1): 82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2199-9-82 |
|
|
20. D'Souza, A., Fordjour, L., Ahmad, A., Cai, C., Kumar, D.
and Valencia, G. (2010) Effects of probiotics, prebiotics,
and synbiotics on messenger RNA expression of caveolin-1,
NOS, and genes regulating oxidative stress in the terminal
ileum of formula-fed neonatal rats. Pediatr. Res., 67:
526-531.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181d4ff2b
PMid:20101198 |
|
|
21. Mandal, A., Patra, A., Mandal, S., Roy, S., Mahapatra,
S.D., Mahapatra, T.D., Paul, T., Das, K., Mondal, K.C. and
Nandi, D.K. (2015) Therapeutic potential of different
commercially available synbiotic on acetaminophen-induced
uremic rats. Clin. Exp. Nephrol., 19(2): 168-177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-0971-4
PMid:24740592 |
|
