Open Access
R esearch
(Published
online:
21-01-2016)
14.
Episodes of clinical mastitis and its
relationship with duration of treatment and seasonality in
crossbred cows maintained in organized dairy farm -
Narender Kumar, A. Manimaran, A. Kumaresan, L. Sreela, Tapas
Kumar Patbandha, Shiwani Tiwari and Subhash Chandra
Veterinary World, 9(1): 75-79
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.75-79
Narender Kumar:
Theriogenology
Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR -
National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),
Karnal - 132 001,
Haryana, India; nklangyan@gmail.com
A. Manimaran:
Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Hosur road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka,
India; maranpharma@gmail.com
A. Kumaresan: Theriogenology
Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR -
National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),
Karnal - 132 001,
Haryana, India; ogkumaresan@gmail.com
L. Sreela:
Theriogenology
Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR -
National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),
Karnal - 132 001,
Haryana, India; sreela312@gmail.com
Tapas Kumar Patbandha:
Polytechnic in Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary Science
and A.H., Junagadh Agricultural University,
Junagadh - 362 001,
Gujarat, India; patbandhavet@gmail.com
Shiwani Tiwari:
Theriogenology
Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR -
National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),
Karnal - 132 001,
Haryana, India; shiwanitiwari@gmail.com
Subhash Chandra:
Theriogenology
Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR -
National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),
Karnal - 132 001,
Haryana, India; subhashchandra20july@gmail.com
Received: 12-08-2015, Revised: 09-12-2015, Accepted: 16-12-2015,
Published online: 21-01-2016
Corresponding author:
Tapas Kumar Patbandha, e-mail: patbandhavet@gmail.com
Citation:
Kumar N, Manimaran A, Kumaresan A, Sreela L, Patbandha TK,
Tiwari S, Chandra S (2016) Episodes of clinical mastitis and its
relationship with duration of treatment and seasonality in
crossbred cows maintained in organized dairy farm,
Veterinary World 9(1):
75-79.
Abstract
Aim:
Present study aimed to evaluate the different episodes of
clinical mastitis (CM) and influence of duration of treatment
and seasonality on the occurrence of different episodes of CM in
crossbred cows.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 1194 lactation data of crossbred CM cows were
collected from mastitis treatment record from 2002 to 2012. Data
of CM cows were classified into types of episodes (pattern of
repeated or multiple episodes occurrence) and number of episodes
(magnitude of multiple cases). Types of episodes were divided as
single (clinical cure by a single episode of treatment), relapse
(retreatment of the same cow within 21 days), recurrence (new CM
at least 21 days after treatment), and both (relapse and
recurrence). The season was classified as winter (December to
March), summer (April to June), rainy (July to September), and
autumn (October to November). The difference between incidences
of different types of CM episodes and the association between
number or type of CM episodes with duration of treatment and
seasons of CM occurrence were analyzed by Chi-square test.
Results:
Among 1194 animals suffered with CM, 53, 16, and 18% had the
single episode, relapse, and recurrence, respectively; while 13%
suffered by both relapse and recurrence. We estimated the
duration of treatment and found 80% of the cows treated 1-8
days, in which 65% treated for 1-4 days, while 35% cows were
treated for 5-8 days. Further, 12% cows treated for 9-15 days
and 7.5% cows treated >15 days. The relationship between
duration of treatment and different episodes of CM revealed that
1-8 days treated cows were mostly cured by the single episode
with less relapse and recurrence. In contrast, the incidences of
recurrence and relapse episodes were higher in cows treated for
more than 9 days. The highest incidence of relapse was noticed
in winter (36%) than other seasons (10-28%), while the
recurrence was less during autumn (9%) compared to other seasons
(20-40%).
Conclusion:
Cows those suffered by both relapse and recurrence were more
susceptible to CM, and they need to be culled from farm to
control the transmission of infections. Although the influence
of seasonality was difficult to understand, the higher magnitude
of relapse and recurrence during winter suggested the adverse
effects of cold stress on treatment outcome.
Keywords:
clinical mastitis, duration of treatment, episodes, recurrence,
relapse, season.
References
|
1. Sharma, N., Srivastava, A.K., Bacic, G., Jeong, D.K. and
Sharma, R.K. (2012) Epidemiology. In: Bovine Mastitis. 1st
ed. Satish Serial Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
p231-312. |
|
|
2. Oliveira, L., Hulland, C. and Ruegg, P.L. (2013)
Characterization of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on
50 large dairy herds in Wisconsin. J. Dairy Sci., 96(12):
7538-7549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6078
PMid:24119795 |
|
|
3. Schukken, Y.H., Hertl, J., Bar, D., Bennett, G.J.,
Gonzalez, R.N., Rauch, B.J., Santisteban, C., Schulte, H.F.,
Tauer, L., Welcome, F.L. and Grohn, Y.T. (2009) Effects of
repeated gram-positive and gram-negative clinical mastitis
episodes on milk yield loss in Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci., 92: 3091-3105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1557
PMid:19528587 |
|
|
4. Hertl, J.A., Grohn, Y.T., Leach, J.D.G., Bar, D.,
Bennett, G.J., Gonzalez, R.N., Rauch, B.J., Welcome, F.L.,
Tauer, L.W. and Schukken, Y.H. (2010) Effects of clinical
mastitis caused by gram positive and gram-negative bacteria
and other organisms on the probability of conception in New
York State Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 93:
1551-1560.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2599
PMid:20338432 |
|
|
5. Hertl, J.A., Schukken, Y.H., Bar, D., Bennett, G.J.,
Gonzalez, R.N., Rauch, B.J., Welcome, F.L., Tauer, L.W. and
Grohn, Y.T. (2011) The effect of recurrent episodes of
clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria and other organisms on mortality and culling in
Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 94: 4863-4877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4000
PMid:21943738 |
|
|
6. Hertl, J.A., Schukken, Y.H., Welcome, F.L., Tauer, L.W.
and Grohn, Y.T. (2014) Pathogen-specific effects on milk
yield in repeated clinical mastitis episodes in Holstein
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 973: 1465-1480.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7266
PMid:24418269 |
|
|
7. Lukas, J.M., Reneau, J.K., Wallace, R., Hawkins, D. and
Munoz-Zanzi, C. (2009) A novel method of analyzing daily
milk production and electrical conductivity to predict
disease onset. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 5964-5976.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2066
PMid:19923600 |
|
|
|
8. Wenz, J.R. (2004) Practical Monitoring of Clinical
Mastitis Treatment Programs. Proceeding 43rd Annual National
Mastitis Council Meeting Charlotte (NC). Verona (WI).
National Mastitis Council. p41-46. |
|
|
9. Pinzon-Sanchez, C. and Ruegg, P.L. (2011) Risk factors
associated with short-term post-treatment outcomes of
clinical mastitis. J. Dairy. Sci., 94: 3397-3410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3925
PMid:21700025 |
|
|
10. Lago, A., Godden, S.M., Bey, R., Ruegg, P.L. and Leslie,
K. (2011) The selective treatment of clinical mastitis based
on on-farm culture results I: Effects on antibiotic use,
milk withholding time and short-term clinical and
bacteriological outcomes. J. Dairy Sci., 84: 4441-4456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4046 |
|
|
11. Dopfer, D., Barkema, H.W., Lam, T.J., Schukken, Y.H. and
Gaastra, W. (1999) Recurrent clinical mastitis caused by
Escherichia coli in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 82: 80-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75211-2 |
|
|
12. Zadoks, R.N., Allore, H.G., Barkema, H.W., Sampimon, O.C.,
Wellenberg, G.J., Grohn, Y.T. and Schukken, Y.H. (2001) Cow
and quarter-level risk factors for Streptococcus uberis and
Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J. Dairy Sci., 84:
2649-2663.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74719-4 |
|
|
13. Lago, A., Godden, S.M., Bey, R., Ruegg, P.L. and Leslie,
K. (2011) The selective treatment of clinical mastitis based
on on-farm culture results: II. Effects on lactation
performance, including clinical mastitis recurrence, somatic
cell count, milk production, and cow survival. J. Dairy Sci.,
94: 4457-4467.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4047 |
|
|
14. Van Eenennaam, A.L., Gardner, I.A., Holmes, J., Perani,
L., Anderson, R.J., Cullor, J.S. and Guterbock, W.M. (1995)
Financial analysis of alternative treatments for clinical
mastitis associated with environmental pathogens. J. Dairy
Sci., 78: 2086-2095.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76835-7 |
|
|
15. Apparao, M.D., Ruegg, P.L., Lago, A., Godden, S., Bey,
R. and Leslie, K. (2009) Relationship between in vitro
susceptibility test results and treatment outcomes for
gram-positive mastitis pathogens following treatment with
cephapirin sodium. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 2589-2597.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1693
PMid:19447991 |
|
|
16. Bradley, A.J. and Green, M.J. (2001) Adaptation of
Escherichia coli to the bovine mammary gland. J. Clin.
Microbiol., 39(5): 1845-1849.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.5.1845-1849.2001
PMid:11326001 PMCid:PMC88036 |
|
|
17. Bar, D., Grohn, Y.T., Bennett, G., Gonzalez, R.N., Hertl,
J.A., Schulte, H.F., Tauer, L.W., Welcome, F.L. and Schukken,
Y.H. (2007) Effect of repeated episodes of generic clinical
mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 90:
4643-4653.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0145
PMid:17881685 |
|
|
18. Contreras, G.A. and Rodríguez, J.M. (2011) Mastitis:
Comparative etiology and epidemiology. J. Mammary Gland
Biol. Neoplasia, 16(4): 339-356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-011-9234-0
PMid:21947764 |
|
|
19. Oliver, S.P, Almeida, R.A., Gillespie, B.E., Headrick,
S.J., Dowlen, H.H. and Johnson, D.L. (2004) Extended
ceftiofur therapy for treatment of experimentally induced
Streptococcus uberis mastitis in lactating dairy cattle. J.
Dairy Sci., 87: 3322-3329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73468-2 |
|
|
20. Constable, P.D. and Morin, D.E. (2003) Treatment of
clinical mastitis: Using antimicrobial susceptibility
profiles for treatment decisions. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food
Anim. Pract., 19: 139-155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(02)00068-3 |
|
|
21. Hoe, F.G.H. and Ruegg, P.L. (2005) Relationship between
antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical mastitis pathogens
and treatment outcome in cows. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 227:
1461-1468.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.1461
PMid:16279392 |
|
