Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 16-02-2017)
10.
Toxoplasma gondii
infection in meat animals from Africa: Systematic review and
meta-analysis of sero-epidemiological studies -
Aretas Babatoundé Nounnagnon Tonouhewa,
Yao Akpo,
Philippe Sessou,
Camus Adoligbe, Eric Yessinou,
Yaovi Gildas Hounmanou,
Marc Napoléon Assogba, Issaka Youssao
and Souaïbou Farougou
Veterinary World, 10(2): 194-208
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2017.194-208
Aretas Babatoundé
Nounnagnon Tonouhewa :
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Yao Akpo :
Laboratory of
Ecology, Health and animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy,
University of Parakou, P.O. Box 123 Parakou, Benin.
Philippe Sessou :
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Camus Adoligbe :
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Eric Yessinou :
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Yaovi Gildas
Hounmanou:
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin;
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine
University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3121, Chuo Kikoo, Morogoro,
Tanzania.
Marc Napoléon
Assogba :
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Issaka Youssao :
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Souaïbou Farougou :
Laboratory of
Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi,
University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Received: 08-09-2016, Accepted: 10-01-2017, Published online:
16-02-2017
Corresponding author:
Aretas Babatoundé Nounnagnon Tonouhewa, e-mail: tonouhewaaretas@gmail.com
Citation:
Tonouhewa ABN, Akpo Y, Sessou P, Adoligbe C, Yessinou E, Hounmanou
YG, Assogba MN, Youssao I, Farougou S (2017) Toxoplasma gondii
infection in meat animals from Africa: Systematic review and
meta-analysis of sero-epidemiological studies, Veterinary
World, 10(2): 194-208.
Abstract
Aim:
Toxoplasma
gondii
is an ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite which causes toxoplasmosis
in humans and animals. Felids especially cats are definitive hosts
and almost all warm-blooded mammals, including livestock and human
can serve as intermediate hosts. Food animals can be reservoirs
for T. gondii and act as one of the sources for parasite
transmission to humans. The objective of this study is to collect
serological data on the prevalence of anti-T. gondii
antibody, and risk factors for certain food animals from Africa to
provide a quantitative estimate of T. gondii infection
among these species from different African countries.
Materials and
Methods:
Four databases
were used to search seroepidemiological data on the prevalence of
anti-T. gondii antibody in food animals between 1969 and
2016 from African countries. The search focused on data obtained
by serologic test in food animals and meta-analyses were performed
per species.
Results:
A total of
30,742 individual samples from 24 countries, described in 68
articles were studied. The overall estimated prevalence for
toxoplasmosis in chicken, camel, cattle, sheep, goat, pig were
37.4% (29.2-46.0%), 36% (18-56%), 12% (8-17%), 26.1% (17.0-37.0%),
22.9% (12.3-36.0%), and 26.0% (20-32.0%), respectively. Moreover,
major risk factor of infection was age, farming system, and farm
location.
Conclusions:
A
significant variation in the seroepidemiological data was observed
within each species and country. The results can aid in an updated
epidemiological analysis but also can be used as an important
input in quantitative microbial risk assessment models. Further
studies are required for a better and continual evaluation of the
occurrence of this zoonotic infection.
Keywords:
animal health, meta-analysis, Toxoplasmosis, zoonosis.
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