Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 18-01-2017)
11.
Influence of training and competitive
sessions on peripheral β-endorphin levels in training show jumping
horses -
Cristina Cravana, P. Medica, G. Ragonese and E. Fazio
Veterinary World, 10(1): 67-73
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2017.67-73
Cristina Cravana:
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo
Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
P. Medica:
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo
Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
G. Ragonese:
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo
Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
E. Fazio:
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo
Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Received: 19-09-2016, Accepted: 14-12-2016, Published online:
18-01-2017
Corresponding author:
Cristina Cravana, e-mail: ccravana@unime.it
Citation:
Cravana C, Medica P, Ragonese G, Fazio E (2017) Influence of
training and competitive sessions on peripheral β-endorphin levels
in training show jumping horses,
Veterinary World,
10(1): 67-73.
Abstract
Aim:
To investigate the effects of training sessions on circulating
β-endorphin changes in sport horses before and after competition
and to ascertain whether competition would affect this response.
Materials and Methods:
A
total of 24 trained jumping horses were randomly assigned to one
of two training groups: Group A (competing) and Group B (not
competing). To determined plasma β-endorphin concentrations, two
pre- and postcompetition training weeks at aerobic workout and two
competitive show jumping event days at anaerobic workout were
measured before, 5 and 30 min after exercise. Exercise intensity
is described using lactate concentrations and heart rate. The
circuit design, intensity, and duration of training sessions were
the same for both groups.
Results:
In Group A, one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures (RM-ANOVA)
showed significant effects of exercise on β-endorphin changes
(F=14.41; p<0.001), only in the post-competition training
sessions, while in Group B showed no significant effects. Two-way
RM-ANOVA showed, after post-competition training sessions, a
significant difference between Group A and Group B (F=6.235;
p=0.023), with higher β-endorphin changes in Group A, compared to
Group B. During the competitive show jumping sessions, one-way RM
ANOVA showed significant effects of exercise on β-endorphin
changes (F=51.10; p<0.001). The statistical analysis, in Group A,
showed a significant difference between postcompetition training
and competitive exercise (F=6.32; p=0.024) with higher β-endorphin
values in competitive sessions compared to those of
post-competition training.
Conclusion:
Lactate concentrations seem to be the main factors being
correlated with the raise of β-endorphin during anaerobic exercise
of competitive events. Exercise of low intensity, as well as that
one of training sessions, does not appear to stimulate a
significant increased release of β-endorphin and it may depend on
the duration of the exercise program. Moreover, the responses
during exercise in the course of post-competition training
sessions seem to be significantly different from those the
pre-competition training. These data show that the preliminary
competitive stress induced additional significant changes of
β-endorphin pattern. It would reflect the need of a long-lasting
modulation of fatigue and pain perception related to the effect of
an additional physical and mental effort for the consecutive
competitive and training sessions.
Keywords:
β-endorphin, competition, horse, show jumping, training.
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