Effects of dichloromethane Sarcophyton spp. extract on the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice

Vet World Vol.12 December-2019 Article-2

Research Article

Veterinary World, 12(12): 1897-1902

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1897-1902

Putut Har Riyadi^1,2, Didik Wahyudi³, and Wendy Alexander Tanod⁴

1. Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia.
2. Department of Fisheries Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia.
4. Department of Fisheries Product Technology , Institute of Fisheries and Marine (Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan dan Kelautan), Palu 94118, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: The soft coral genus Sarcophyton is a source of cembraneterpen. Sarcophyton is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of soft coral Sarcophyton spp. to inhibit the expression of NF-κB and iNOS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Materials and Methods: Crude extracts of Sarcophyton spp. were macerated with DCM (1:3 v/v) for 24 h. Thirty-six Balb/c mice were divided into six treatment groups, namely, normal control (without LPS induction), negative control (LPS induction 4 mg/mL), comparative control (LPS+Dexamethasone 6 mg/kg), and 3 concentration groups extract (LPS+50, 125, and 250 mg/kg). The expression of NF-κB and iNOS was measured in each treatment group.

Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that the relative number of NF-κB+ cells increased (18.38±1.24%) in LPS-induced mice compared with normal mice (13.24±1.15%). The Sarcophyton spp. DCM extracts decreased the relative number of NF-κB+ cells (125 mg/kg: 13.96±0.84%). Immunohistochemical analysis with ImmunoMembrane showed that LPS induction in mice increased iNOS expression when compared to normal mice. The Sarcophyton spp. DCM extracts reduced iNOS expression (especially at 125 mg/kg).

Conclusion: DCM extracts of Sarcophyton spp. inhibited the activation of NF-κB, resulting in suppressed iNOS expression, which directly inhibits NO production. Keywords: Alcyoniidae, anti-inflammatory, lipopolysaccharide, nitric oxide, soft coral.

Keywords: Alcyoniidae, anti-inflammatory, lipopolysaccharide, nitric oxide, soft coral.

How to cite this article: Riyadi PH, Wahyudi D, Tanod WA (2019) Effects of dichloromethane Sarcophyton spp. extract on the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase inmice, Veterinary World, 12(12): 1897-1902.

Received: 28-08-2019 Accepted: 29-10-2019 Published online: 03-12-2019

Corresponding author: Wendy Alexander Tanod E-mail: wendytanod@stplpalu.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1897-1902

Copyright: Riyadi, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.