Phylogenetic relationship and genotype variation of six Newcastle disease viruses isolated from duck in Indonesia

Vet World Vol.14 January-2021 Article-36

Research Article

Veterinary World, 14(1): 276-284

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.276-284

Naimah Putri¹, Rahaju Ernawati², Jola Rahmahani², Suwarno Suwarno², and Fedik Abdul Rantam²

1. Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
2. Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) are frequently acquired from all ages and types of bird species. In general, ducks are considered as potential reservoirs for different genotypes of NDV and are resistant even to velogenic NDV strains. This research was conducted to genotypically and phylogenetically characterize NDV isolates collected from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: A total of 200 samples were collected through cloacal swabs and were inoculated in the allantoic sacs of 8-day-old specific pathogen-free eggs. Hemagglutination (HA) activity was analyzed through a HA test, and isolated viruses were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction targeting the complete fusion (F)-gene of NDV using three primer sets. One primer set was specific for the F protein cleavage site sequences of velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic NDV strains.

Results: The results demonstrated that three isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19, NDV/Duck/B125/19, and NDV/Duck/ BK43/19) belonged to genotype VII and one (NDV/Duck/TD19/19) to genotype VI. Other isolates (NDV/Duck/A74/19 and NDV/Duck/M147/19) belonged to genotype II Class II. Based on the F protein cleavage site and the pathogenicity tests, two isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19 and NDV/Duck/B125/19) were categorized as velogenic viruses and four (NDV/Duck/ BK43/19, NDV/Duck/TD19/19, NDV/Duck/A74/19, and NDV/Duck/M147/19) as lentogenic viruses.

Conclusion: The results indicate that NDVs from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia carry various genotypes and pathotypes of NDVs; therefore, these viruses are still circulating in the environment and might pose a risk of Newcastle disease outbreak. Keywords: duck, F gene, genotype variation, Indonesia, Newcastle disease virus, phylogenetic relationship.

Keywords: duck, F gene, genotype variation, Indonesia, Newcastle disease virus, phylogenetic relationship.

How to cite this article: Putri N, Ernawati R, Rahmahani J, Suwarno S, Rantam FA (2021) Phylogenetic relationship and genotype variation of six Newcastle disease viruses isolated from duck in Indonesia, Veterinary World, 14(1): 276-284.

Received: 04-09-2020 Accepted: 11-12-2020 Published online: 30-01-2021

Corresponding author: Fedik Abdul Rantam E-mail: fedik-a-r@fkh.unair.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.276-284

Copyright: Putri, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.