Vet World   Vol.14   January-2021  Article-38

Research Article

Veterinary World, 14(1): 292-301

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.292-301

Chemical composition and antioxidant content of Thymus vulgaris honey and Origanum vulgare essential oil; their effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity

Hamada Imtara1, Noori Al-Waili2, Abderrazak Aboulghazi3, Abdelfattah Abdellaoui3, Thia Al-Waili2, and Badiaa Lyoussi3
1. Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, P.O. Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine.
2. New York Medical Care for Nephrology, New York, USA.
3. Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.

Background and Aim: The study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant content, and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris honey (TVH) and Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) and their mixture effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity.

Materials and Methods: The study conducted physicochemical characterization and chemical analysis of TVH and OVEO with the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The antioxidant activity of TVH and OVEO was done with the use of 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The study used nine groups of rats to investigate the effect of TVH, OVEO, and a mixture of TVH and OVEO (HEM) on CCl4-induced toxicity. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (1 mL/100 g) was used to induce toxicity. The doses of TVH and OVEO were 1 mg/kg.b.wt, and 50 mg/kg.b.wt, respectively. HEM contains TVH (1 mg/kg.b.wt) and OVEO (50 mg/kg.b.wt).

Results: TVH has a high content of phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols. HPLC analysis showed that TVH contains, for the 1st time, epicatechin gallate, and at a high concentration. OVEO includes a high percentage of carvacrol and thymol. With the use of DPPH, OVEO was more potent than TVH. CCl4 caused significant liver and kidney damage and lipid disorders, which were alleviated by HVT, OVEO, and HEM. HVT was more potent than OVEO (p<0.05), and HEM was more potent than HVT and OVEO (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The study identified high content of epicatechin gallate for the 1st time in TVH, and OVEO contains a high percentage of thymol and carvacrol. Epicatechin gallate might be useful as a marker for TVH. Mixing OVEO and TVH significantly potentiated their protection against CCl4-induced liver and kidney toxicity. Keywords: antioxidants, carbon tetrachloride, Origanum vulgare essential oil, thymus honey, toxicity.

Keywords: antioxidants, carbon tetrachloride, Origanum vulgare essential oil, thymus honey, toxicity.

How to cite this article: Imtara H, Al-Waili N, Aboulghazi A, Abdellaoui A, Al-Waili T, Lyoussi B (2021) Chemical composition and antioxidant content of Thymus vulgaris honey and Origanum vulgare essential oil; their effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity, Veterinary World, 14(1): 292-301.

Received: 04-07-2020  Accepted: 08-12-2020     Published online: 30-01-2021

Corresponding author: Badiaa Lyoussi   E-mail: lyoussi@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.292-301

Copyright: Imtara, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.