Vet World Vol.17 April Article - 8
Research Article
Veterinary World, 17(4): 796-803
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.796-803
Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin plus clopidogrel therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated thromboembolism in cats
1 Bio-Veterinary Science Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
2 Veterinary Clinical Studies Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
3 Department of Livestock Development, Supphaya District Livestock Office, Supphaya, Chai Nat, Thailand.
4 Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart, University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
Background and Aim: Cardiogenic embolism (CE) is a common complication of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), leading to severe clinical symptoms. This study compared the effects of rivaroxaban and enoxaparin combined with clopidogrel on cats.
Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. In this study, rivaroxaban or enoxaparin plus clopidogrel was prescribed to 23 cats for at least one of the following events: Abnormal movement of the anterior mitral leaflet during systole, enlargement of the left atrium, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, or presence of arterial thromboembolism. Oral rivaroxaban (2.5 mg, q24 h) was prescribed to six cats. Subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin (1 mg/kg, q24 h) plus oral clopidogrel (3 mg/kg, PO q24 h) for 60 days were administered to 17 cats. Renal insufficiency and bleeding complications were observed. Plasma concentrations of D-dimer, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio (INR) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between echocardiography parameters and the effects of coagulation. Blood samples were collected from all cats at baseline and at 1 and 2 months post-treatment.
Results: Rivaroxaban alone and in combination with enoxaparin and clopidogrel significantly affected PT and INR. In cats treated with 2.5 mg/kg rivaroxaban for 60 days, no bleeding or recurrence of thrombus formation was observed. These data support the use of rivaroxaban for the treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism in cats.
Conclusion: Treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism with rivaroxaban alone demonstrated clinical effectiveness with no clinical complications in cats.
Keywords: cardiomyopathy, D-dimer, echocardiography, prothrombin time.
How to cite this article: Jaturanratsamee K, Jiwaganont P, Panprom C, and Petchdee S (2024) Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin plus clopidogrel therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated thromboembolism in cats, Veterinary World, 17(4): 796-803.
Received: 03-01-2024 Accepted: 20-03-2024 Published online: 10-04-2024
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.796-803
Copyright: Jaturanratsamee, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
