Biological activity comparison between ciprofloxacin loaded to silica nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles for the inhibition of Brucella melitensis

Research (Published online: 20-02-2024)

20. Biological activity comparison between ciprofloxacin loaded to silica nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles for the inhibition of Brucella melitensis

Saif Aldeen Jaber, and Mohamed J. Saadh

Veterinary World, 17(2): 407-412

Saif Aldeen Jaber: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan; Applied Science Research Centre, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.

Mohamed J. Saadh: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.407-412

Article history: Received: 26-10-2023, Accepted: 23-01-2024, Published online: 20-02-2024

Corresponding author: Saif Aldeen Jaber

E-mail: sjaber@meu.edu.jo

Citation: Jaber SA, and Saadh MJ (2024) Biological activity comparison between ciprofloxacin loaded to silica nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles for the inhibition of Brucella melitensis, Veterinary World, 17(2): 407–412.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Brucella melitensis is responsible for brucellosis, a highly contagious, life-threatening disease that has a high impact in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to compare silica nanoparticles (SiO-NPs) loaded with ciprofloxacin with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded with ciprofloxacin to evaluate the possible replacement of silver by silica to enhance biological activity and reduce cytotoxicity.

Materials and Methods: SiO-NPs and AgNPs loaded with ciprofloxacin were characterized using ultraviolet spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering microscopy for size demonstration and loading efficiency. Both nanoparticles were treated with B. melitensis Rev 1 to evaluate their biological activity. Nanoparticle toxicity was also evaluated using cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays.

Results: SiO-NP was found to have a smaller size (80 nm) and higher loading efficiency with polydispersity index and zeta potential of 0.43 and 30.7 mV, respectively, compared to Ag-NP (180 nm and 0.62 and 28.3 mV, respectively). SiO-NP was potent with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.043 μg/mL compared to Ag-NP (0.049 μg/mL), with a lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity.

Conclusion: SiO-NP, as a drug delivery system for ciprofloxacin, has better antimicrobial activity against B. melitensis with lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity. These results can be attributed to the enhanced physical characterization and better loading efficiency when compared to Ag-NP.

Keywords: antimicrobial activity, brucellosis, minimum inhibitory concentration, nanoparticles.

Highlights

The document is a research article comparing the biological activity of ciprofloxacin loaded onto silica nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles for the inhibition of Brucella melitensis.

The study aimed to compare the biological activity of ciprofloxacin loaded onto silica nanoparticles (SiO-NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the inhibition of Brucella melitensis, a highly contagious and life-threatening disease.

SiO-NPs showed a smaller size (80 nm) and higher loading efficiency compared to AgNPs (180 nm). SiO-NPs also exhibited a lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity.

SiO-NPs had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.043 µg/mL, while AgNPs had a MIC of 0.049 µg/mL. Ciprofloxacin alone had the lowest biological activity with a MIC of 0.73 µg/mL.

Both SiO-NPs and AgNPs showed low hemolysis activity in erythrocytes, indicating their safety for use in patients.

Ciprofloxacin loaded onto SiO-NPs had lower cytotoxicity on pancreatic and kidney cell lines compared to AgNPs. SiO-NPs were found to be safer than AgNPs even at higher doses.