Vet World Vol.17 March Article - 12
Research Article
Veterinary World, 17(3): 602-611
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.602-611
Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei to increase growth performance and immune system of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) due to Aeromonas hydrophila infection
1 Doctoral Mathematics and Natural Sciences Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2 Department of Agricultural Technology, KH University. A. Wahab Hasbullah, Jombang, Indonesia.
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
4 University Center of Excellence Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
5 Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
6 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
7 NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Background and Aim: Catfish has a high economic value and is popular among consumers. To ensure well-stocked catfish stocks, good fisheries management must also be ensured. The high demand for catfish must be supplemented by preventive measures against pathogenic bacterial infections using probiotics with high potential for Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus subtilis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic supplementation consisting of a combination of L. casei and B. subtilis probiotics on the growth, immune system, water quality, proximate value of feed, and body composition of catfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.
Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized study with eight treatments and three replications. The manipulated factor was the probiotic concentration [0% (A), 0.5% (B), 10% (C), and 15% (D)] in groups of catfish infected and uninfected with A. hydrophila. Combination of B. subtilis, and L. casei that were used in a 1:1 ratio of 108 colony forming unit/mL. The study lasted for 42 days. On the 35th day, A. hydrophila was infected by intramuscular injection into fish. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics) was used to analyze data on growth, immune system, and water quality.
Results: Providing probiotics in feed can increase the nutritional value of feed based on proximate test results. There were significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR) parameters in the group of catfish infected with A. hydrophila (p > 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and percentage weight gain. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly different between treatments C and D. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α parameters were significantly different between treatments A and C, whereas the phagocytic activity of treatment A was significantly different from that of treatment D. There was a significant difference (p > 0.05) in the growth parameters of SGR, ADG, and FCR in the group of fish that were not infected with A. hydrophila, with the best treatment being a probiotic concentration of 15%, but there was no significant difference in the SR parameters. IL-1β and TNF-α levels significantly differed between E and E0 (15% probiotics) but were not significantly different in terms of phagocytosis parameters.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that using a combination of probiotics L. casei and B. subtilis can improve the growth, immune system, water quality, proximate value of feed, and body composition of catfish infected with A. hydrophila.
Keywords: catfish, fish stocks and fisheries management, growth parameters, immune response, probiotic.
How to cite this article: Aini N, Putri DSYR, Achhlam DH, Fatimah F, Andriyono S, Hariani D, Do HDK, and Wahyuningsih SPA (2024) Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei to increase growth performance and immune system of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) due to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, Veterinary World, 17(3): 602-611.
Received: 30-11-2023 Accepted: 16-02-2024 Published online: 17-03-2024
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.602-611
Copyright: Aini, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
