First detection of bovine tuberculosis by Ziehl–Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction at dairy farms in the Lekok Sub-District, Pasuruan Regency, and Surabaya region, Indonesia

Research (Published online: 08-03-2024)

9. First detection of bovine tuberculosis by Ziehl–Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction at dairy farms in the Lekok Sub-District, Pasuruan Regency, and Surabaya region, Indonesia

Itfetania Aemilly Desire, Muhammad Luqman, Yulianna Puspitasari, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana, Dewa Ketut Meles, Yeni Dhamayanti, Dian Ayu Permatasari, Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum, Agnes Dwi Sis Perwitasari, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Siti Rani Ayuti, Shendy Canadya Kurniawan, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman, and Otto Sahat Martua Silaen

Veterinary World, 17(3): 577-584

Itfetania Aemilly Desire: Bachelor Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Muhammad Luqman: Bachelor Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Yulianna Puspitasari: Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Wiwiek Tyasningsih: Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Dewa Ketut Meles: Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Yeni Dhamayanti: Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Dian Ayu Permatasari: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Agnes Dwi Sis Perwitasari: Department of Tuberculosis, Institute Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo: Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Siti Rani Ayuti: Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.

Shendy Canadya Kurniawan: Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Otto Sahat Martua Silaen: Doctoral Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance, particularly in Indonesia, where control measures are limited or are not implemented. This study aimed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium pathogens in milk samples from dairy cattle in Pasuruan regency and Surabaya City, East Java, using Ziehl–Neelsen acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Materials and Methods: Milk samples were aseptically collected from 50 cattle in the Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, and 44 from dairy farms in the Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Wonocolo Subdistrict, Mulyorejo Subdistrict, and Kenjeran Subdistrict, Surabaya, East Java. To detect Mycobacteria at the species level, each sample was assessed by Ziehl–Neelsen staining and PCR using the RD1 and RD4 genes.

Results: The results of PCR assay from 50 samples in Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency showed that 30 samples (60%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and two samples (4%) were positive for Mycobacterium bovis, although Ziehl–Neelsen staining did not show the presence of Mycobacterium spp. In the Surabaya region, 31 samples (70.45%) were positive for M. tuberculosis and three samples (6.8%) were positive for M. bovis. Six samples (13.63%) from all PCR-positive samples could be detected microscopically with Ziehl–Neelsen.

Conclusion: The presence of bovine TB in this study supports the importance of using a molecular tool alongside routine surveillance for a better understanding of the epidemiology of bovine TB in East Java.

Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, cattle, polymerase chain reaction, public health, raw milk.

This document is about the first detection of bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms in Indonesia using Ziehl-Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction.

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance, particularly in Indonesia.

This study aimed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium pathogens in milk samples from dairy cattle in Pasuruan regency and Surabaya City, East Java, using Ziehl–Neelsen acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The results of the PCR assay showed that 60% of the samples from Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 4% were positive for Mycobacterium bovis. In the Surabaya region, 70.45% of the samples were positive for M. tuberculosis and 6.8% were positive for M. bovis.

Ziehl–Neelsen staining did not show the presence of Mycobacterium spp. in the samples from Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, but 13.63% of the PCR-positive samples from Surabaya could be detected microscopically with Ziehl–Neelsen.

The presence of bovine TB in this study supports the importance of using a molecular tool alongside routine surveillance for a better understanding of the epidemiology of bovine TB in East Java.