Cross-sectional study of antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in cats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Dili, Timor-Leste

Vet World Vol.17 October-2024 Article - 17

Research Article

Veterinary World, 17(10): 2347-2354

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2347-2354

Widagdo Sri Nugroho¹, Antonino Do Karmo², Gustaf Eifel Silalahi¹, Elphan Augusta Kajang¹, and Putu Cri Devischa Gallantiswara¹

1. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
2. Technical Superior, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Timor-Leste.

Background and Aim: Antibiotics are used in veterinary clinics and animal hospitals to treat infectious diseases. However, the improper use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance, which threatens future disease therapeutics in pet animals. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in cats and their resistance to antibiotics in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia (IDN), and Dili, Timor-Leste (TL).

Materials and Methods: A total of 255 cat’s rectal swab samples from veterinary clinics and hospitals in Yogyakarta Province, IDN, and Dili, TL were collected. All samples were transferred aseptically into an enrichment medium and subjected to various culture tests for E. coli and Salmonella spp. identification. All identified isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using Kirby−Bauer disk diffusion method.

Results: This study successfully isolated E. coli from 172/255 (67.45%) rectal swab samples, that is, 122/188 samples (64.89%) from Yogyakarta Province, IDN, and 50/67 samples (74.6%) from Dili, TL. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 13/188 samples (6.91%) from Yogyakarta, IDN. The antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that more than 30% of E. coli were resistant to ampicillin (AMP) (IDN = 39.3%, TL = 50%) and tetracycline (TE) (IDN = 41.8%, TL = 42%), and more than 40% of Salmonella spp. were resistant to enrofloxacin (44%), TE (56%), streptomycin (61%), and AMP (83%).

Conclusion: E. coli and Salmonella spp. succeeded isolation in cats from IDN and TL, and some isolates were resistant to antibiotics. Cats with diarrhea or digestive problems have a 9.5-fold increased risk of infection by Salmonella spp. Considering the prevalence of resistance to E. coli and Salmonella spp., it is important to manage antibiotic resistance distribution across companion animals and humans because both species share the same living environment.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance, cats, Dili, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. Yogyakarta.

How to cite this article: Nugroho WS, Karmo AD, Silalahi GE, Kajang EA, and Gallantiswara PCD (2024) Cross-sectional study of antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in cats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Dili, Timor-Leste, Veterinary World, 17(10): 2347–2354.

Received: 2024-04-03 Accepted: 2024-09-19 Published online: 2024-10-27

Corresponding author: Widagdo Sri Nugroho E-mail: weesnugroho@ugm.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2347-2354

Copyright: Nugroho, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.