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October
- 2010
Original Research
1.
Prevalence and significance of haemoparasitic infections of
cattle in north- central, Nigeria -
J. Kamani., A. Sannusi., O. K. Egwu., G. I. Dogo., T. J. Tanko.,
S. Kemza., A. E. Tafarki and D. S. Gbise
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 445-448
The prevalence and
significance of hemoparasites of cattle from north-central
Nigeria was determined using diagnostic records from
Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI)
Vom, from May 2006 to April 2008. A total of 637 blood samples
from cattle from four states (Plateau, Bauchi, Nasarawa and
Kaduna) of Nigeria in anticoagulant were submitted to the
laboratory for parasitological diagnosis. Giemsa stained thin
blood smears were examined for hemoparasites. Packed cell volume
(PCV) for each sample was determined and Hematocrit centrifuge
technique (HCT) was used to determine the presence of motile
parasites. An overall prevalence of 25.7% was recorded for all
samples examined. Babesia bigemina and B.bovis accounted for
16.0%, followed by Theileria mutans (3.1%), Trypanosoma spp (T.vivax
and T. congolense) (2.8%), Anaplasma marginale (1.9%),
Microfilaria (1.4%). The hemoparasites identified alone or in
combination with others had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the
mean PCV of infected animals. Similarly, hemoparasites infection
in young animals as well as during the dry season resulted in
significant (P<0.05) reduction of PCV values. The result of this
study shows these hemoparasites are endemic in cattle in the
study area which may result in serious disease conditions when
such animals are subjected to stressful condition.
Keywords:
Prevalence, Significance, hemoparasites, cattle, Nigeria.
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.445-448
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Original Research
2.
Safety of moxifloxacin following repeated intramuscular
administration in wistar rats -
K. A. Sadariya, A. K. Gothi, S. D. Patel, S. K. Bhavsar and A.
M. Thaker
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 449-452
Moxifloxacin is a novel
fourth generation fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum of
antibacterial activity. The study was conducted to evaluate the
safety of Moxifloxacin (5.0 mg/kg) after repeated intramuscular
administration at 24 h interval for 14 days in male and female
wistar rats. Hematological (Haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH,
MCHC, HCT and DLC), blood biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP,
Total Bilirubin, Total Serum Protein, Serum Albumin, Globulin,
Serum Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid and Blood glucose) and
histopathological examination of various tissues were carried
out in the present study. Male and female animals of any group
did not reveal any clinical symptoms and mortality attributable
to the 14 days intramuscular administration of Moxifloxacin. The
data were compared by unpaired two tail `t` test using Graph Pad
Prism (Version 4.00). All above hematological and blood
biochemical parameters were found to fluctuate within normal
range during treatment period and the mean values were not
significantly differ (p < 0.05) from corresponding control
values. Moreover, no gross or microscopic changes were found in
the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, stomach, intestine and joint
cartilages of the treated wistar rats. Results indicate that
daily administration of Moxifloxacin for 14 days seems to be
safe and well tolerated in rats.
Key words:
Moxifloxacin, Wistar rats, Safety study, Fluoroquinolone,
Antibiotic, Antibacterial.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
3.
Systemic aspergillosis in emu chicks in an organised farm in
Kerala -
Sunitha Karunakaran, G. Krishnan Nair, N. Divakaran Nair and M.
Mini
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 453-455
Systematic post mortem
examination was carried out on seven Emu chicks submitted for
disease diagnosis to Clinical Laboratory, District Veterinary
Centre, Palakkad. On examination, numerous small greyish white
nodules were seen in the lungs, air sacs, kidney and serosal
surface of proventriculus. Dark red liver with necrotic areas
and dark coloured spleen were the other lesions. Microscopically
the lungs revealed granulomas with central areas of caseation
surrounded by mononuclear cells and fibroblasts. PAS positive
fungal hyphae could be seen in the lesion. Aspergillus fumigatus
could be isolated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar from the lesions.
This is the first report on the occurrence of systemic
aspergillosis in Emus from Kerala.
Key words:
systemic aspergillosis, Emu chicks, mycotic pneumonia
» Abstract »
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Original Research
4.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats of Ahmednagar
district of Maharashtra -
A. U. Sutar, S. B. Kengar, S. S. Patil and M. R. Khan
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 456-457
Helminth parasites of
digestive system of goats in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra
were studied during the period January 2009 to December 2009.
For these 400 faecal samples of goats from different villages
were collected. Out of 400 samples 251 were positive (62.75%).
In rainy season, out of 150 faecal samples examined 116 were
positive (77.33%), while in winter out of 120 samples examined
73 were positive (60.83%) and in summer out of 130 samples
examined 67 were positive (51.53%)
Keywords :
Prevalence, Gastrointestinal, Parasite, Goat
» Abstract »
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Original Research
5.
Prevalence and comparative studies of some major serotype of
E.Coli from cattle and buffalo calf scour -
A. A. Vagh and R. G. Jani
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 458-459
A study was carried out
to find the different serotype of E.coli isolates from the young
cattle and buffalo calves affected with calf scours. Different
strains of E. coli were isolated from 30 cases of calf scour
from both cattle and buffalo calves each. All the isolates of E.
coli were typed for ‘O’ antigen. The relationship of serotypes
of
E. coli to each case
showed that two of the twenty six serotypes were common and
appeared most virulent in both the species.
Keywords: Calf
scour, E.coli, Serotype, Calves.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
6.
In vitro assessment of bacteriostatic potency of egg yolk
immunoglobulin against Escherichia coli -
Vikrama P Chakravarthi, K Shanmugasundaram and S. Malmarugan
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 460-462
The present study was
carried out in commercial layer chickens to assess the
bacteriostatic potency of egg yolk immunoglobulin IgY against
food poisoning pathogen. The O antigen of food poisoning
pathogen Escherichia coli was prepared and used to immunize
commercial layer chickens. The eggs which contain anti-E.Coli
IgY was collected on 30 th day of first injection and stored at
4 0 C. The antibacterial IgY was separated by water dilution
method (10 times diluted with distilled water, pH 5.0 - 5.5,
incubated at 4 0 C for 6 hrs) and purified by 60 % ammonium
sulphate. The recovery of IgY was in range of 57-62 %. The
pathogens in Tryptic soya broth (approx. 6X108/ ml) were
cultured with anti-E.coli IgY @ 20 mg /ml and inhibitory effect
was measured in UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm. The resultant
growth curve indicated that the application of polyclonal
antibodies (Ig Y) on meat could be used to prevent the E.coli
food poisoning.
Keywords: Food
poisoning, E.coli, Anti- E.coli, IgY, Layer chicken,
Immunoglobulin.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
7.
Quantitative assay of arsenic in experimentally intoxicated
guinea pigs -
Dinesh Kumar, A. K. Srivastava and Sanjiv Kumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 463-465
The present investigation
was undertaken with an attempt to generate information
pertaining to the assessment of arsenic residues in the vital
organs like liver, lungs kidneys along with blood and hair as
biomarker of chronic arsenic exposure using guinea pigs as
experimental animal. For this purpose the guinea pigs were
divided into two groups having 5 animals in each group. Group I
animals were fed 1% of Arsenic trioxide @ 1 mg/kg body weight
through oral gavages daily for 90 days to produce chronic
toxicity. Estimation of arsenic residue was carried out on 90th
day post administration. In the present study chronic exposure
to arsenic resulted in significant enhancement of arsenic
residues in the blood, hair, liver, lungs and kidneys with mean
values of 57.18, 333.71, 331.96, 95.8 ppb and 272.95 in guinea
pigs of chronic toxicity as compared to 3.47, 14.02, 12.94, 2.56
and 5.56 ppb in control, respectively.
Key words:
Arsenic, Biomarker, Wet digestion, Tissue Arsenic concentration.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
8.
Effect of PGF2 alpha on oestrus and fertility rate in repeat
breeder cows treated with norgestomet-oestradiol -
M. Selvaraju and C. Veerapandian
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 466-468
A total of 48 repeat
breeder cows were equally divided in to two treatment groups as
NOR and NOR-PG and were treated with norgestomet ear implants on
day 10 following natural oestrus and a control group. At the
time of ear implant insertion, 2 ml of SMB injection was
administered intramuscularly to all the cows. The implant was
removed after 9 days. Cows in NOR-PG group were injected with
0.98 mg of PGF2a at the time of implant removal. In NOR and
NOR-PG groups, AI was done at 48 and 72 hours of implant
withdrawal. In control group, cows were artificially inseminated
twice at 24 hours interval during natural oestrus. Blood samples
were collected at the time of implant insertion and withdrawal
in all the treated cows for progesterone assay. There was 100
per cent oestrus response following implant removal in NOR and
NOR-PG groups. The conception rate obtain in NOR, NOR-PG and
control groups were 43.75, 37.50 and 18.75 per cent,
respectively. The overall mean level of progesterone (6.31±0.32
ng/ml) noticed at the time of implant insertion was
significantly reduced to a lower level (1.38±0.16 ng/ml) by the
time of its removal in treated cows. It is inferred that
norgestomet–oestradiol alone without PGF2a may be used to
augment fertility in repeat breeder cows under field conditions.
Key words: PGF2
alpha, Oestrus, Norgestomet, Oestradiol, Fertility Rate, Repeat
Breeder Cows.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
9.
Effect of herbal liver tonic Yakrifit bolus on body weight gain
in dairy calves -
K. K. Hadiya, K. Ravikanth, Shivi Main and D. Thakur
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 469-470
An experimental field
study in approximately, one month old, forty eight Jaffrabadi
buffalo calves was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbal
Liver tonic formulations on growth and body weight gain. A
significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight gain in groups
supplemented with herbal formulations Yakrifit (M/s Ayurvet Ltd.
Baddi, India) @ 1 bolus/calf/day, was observed in comparision to
untreated control. Supplementation of herbal liver tonic
products improves liver function, feed assimilation and
digestibility of ration ultimately leading to gain in body
weight.
Keywords: Liver
tonic, Herbal medicine, Growth rate, Liver function, Feed
assimilation, Digestibility. Body weight.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
10.
Detection of Mycoplasma capri antibodies in goats of
Gujarat state -
Ashish Roy, Pankaj Kumar and B. B. Bhanderi
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 471-472
200 serum samples were
collected from apparently healthy goats of different age and sex
from Anand, Navsari and Valsad districts of Gujarat (India),
were screened for mycoplasmal antibodies by slide agglutination
test using colored antigen of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri.
Out of 200 serum samples screened 85 were found to be positive
indicating overall seroprevalence of 42.50 percent. The higher
prevalence was observed in Navsari district (66.66 %) followed
by Valsad (60.66%) and Anand district (32.85 %). The higher
incidence in these district could be suggest the endemicity of
the disease. Slide agglutination test for mycoplasmal antibodies
detection using colored antigen of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.
capri. antigen was found to be quick, simple, low cost with ease
of application in the field without the need of any specialized
training and equipments.
Keywords:
Seroprevalence, Goat, Gujarat, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri
» Abstract »
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Original Research
11.
Radiography of unusual foreign body in ruminants -
M. A. Semieka
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 473-475
The present study was
carried out on 10 animals (6 buffaloes, 3 cattle and one
camel).The animals were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching
Hospital, Assiut University affected by unusual size, type, and
location of foreign bodies. Diagnosis and description of the
foreign bodies were depend mainly on radiographic examination.
Most of the foreign bodies recorded in this study were of
metallic origin (needles and nails).These foreign bodies reached
to the animals by several routes (ingestion, during surgery) and
lodged at various areas of animal tissues (throat, Oesophagus,
thoracic cavity, reticulum, udder cistern, stifle region).
Surgery was performed in most cases for removal of the foreign
bodies.
Keywords:
Radiography, Foreign Body, Ruminant, Surgery.
» Abstract »
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Case Report
12.
Migration of broken hypodermic needle in the cervical muscles of
dog -
A. K. Sharma, Hemant Kumar, L. L. Dass, Shivendra Kumar and
Vinod Kumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 476-476
A Spitz bitch of 21/2
years of age was presented in the Department with complaint of
anorexia, depression, frothy salivation and distress. However,
history of vomition was lacking. The bitch evinced pain on
palpation of cervical region. The Radiograph revealed the
presence of a linear radioopaque body lodged in the cervical
musculature just above the vertebrae. A broken hypodermic needle
was retrieved from the cervical musculature just above the last
cervical vertebrae, following faulty mode of injection in the
cervical region which is not advocated for pets.
Key words: Dog ,
Hyperdermic needle, Cervical muscle, Spitz.
» Abstract »
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Review Article
13.
Applications of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine -
Vikrama P Chakravarthi and N. Balaji
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 477-480
In the recent years the
application of nanotechnology in human and veterinary medicine
has shown a great progress. Scientists foresee that this
progress in the field of nanotechnology could represent a major
breakthrough in addressing some of the technical challenges
faced by human and veterinary profession. While the great hopes
of nanomedicine are disease detection and new pharmaceuticals
for humans, veterinary applications of nanotechnology may become
the proving ground for untried and more controversial techniques
from nanocapsule vaccines to sex selection in breeding.
Nanotechnology has the potential to impact not only the way we
live, but also the way we practice veterinary medicine. Examples
of potential applications in animal agriculture and veterinary
medicine include disease diagnosis and treatment delivery
systems, new tools for molecular and cellular breeding, the
security of animal food products, modification of animal waste,
pathogen detection, and many more. Existing research has
demonstrated the feasibility of introducing nanoshells and
nanotubes into animals to seek and destroy targeted cells. These
building blocks of nanotechnology are expected to be integrated
into systems over the next couple of decades on a commercial
basis. This article describes some of the principal areas of
nanotechnology currently being undertaken in the world of
medicine. The main purposes of this article are to trigger the
interest of discoveries of veterinary profession in the field of
nanotechnology and to provide a glimpse at potential important
targets for nanotechnology in the field of veterinary medicine.
Also it is important to mention that because nanotechnology is
at a very early stage of development, it may take several years
to perform the necessary research and conduct clinical trials
for obtaining meaningful results. This tool as it develops over
the next several decades will have major implications in
veterinary and animal science.
Keywords:
Nanotechnology, Nanopharmaceuticals, Diagnostic tools
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.477-480
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Review Article
14.
Emerging zoonoses and their determinants -
Megha Katare and Manish Kumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(10): 481-484
Zoonotic diseases
represent one of the leading causes of illness and death from
infectious disease. Worldwide, zoonotic diseases have a negative
impact on commerce, travel, and economies. In most developing
countries, zoonotic diseases are among those diseases of major
public health significance and contribute significantly to an
already overly burdened public health system. In industrialized
nations, zoonotic diseases are of particular concern for at-risk
groups such as the elderly, children, childbearing women, and
immunocompromised individuals. The World Health Organization has
defined zoonoses as, “diseases and infections naturally
transmitted between nonhuman vertebrate animals and humans”, and
emerging zoonotic disease as a "zoonosis that is newly
recognized or newly evolved or that has occurred previously but
shows an increase in incidence or expansion in geographical,
host or vector range". However link between humans and animals
with respect to diseases could be framed in many but slightly
different ways. Strikingly, 75% of emerging infectious diseases
have been identified as zoonotic in origin. Moreover if we could
link the emergence of some diseases to animals, for e.g. AIDS
then the number would be much higher. These agents have included
some that maintain an ongoing reservoir life cycle in animals or
arthropods, without the permanent establishment of a new life
cycle in humans, as well as some “species jumpers” that derive
from an ancient reservoir life cycle in animals but have
subsequently established a new life cycle in humans that no
longer involves an animal reservoir. Zoonotic diseases require
rather different prevention and control strategies than diseases
of etiologic agents employing only human-to-human transmission.
Determinants discussed above have to be understood and dealt in
proper perspective when it comes to the problem of zoonotic
diseases. Different section of workers should collaborate their
efforts against dreaded diseases, which are affecting mankind
and animals and are continuously posing challenges.
Multidisciplinary teams of ecologists, mammalogists,
ornithologists, and entomologists, as well as physicians,
epidemiologists, public health workers and veterinarians should
join hands for intensive and sure success
Key words:
Zoonosis, Transmission, Emerging diseases, Determinants,
Economic Impact.
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.481-484
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