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Original Research
1.
Prevalence of external parasite of poultry in
intensive and backyard chicken farm at Wolayta Soddo
town, southern Ethiopia -
Solomon Mekuria and Elsabet Gezahegn
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 533-538
A cross
sectional study was conducted from Nov. 2008 to
April 2009 to identify and estimate prevalence of
ectoparisites of poultry in intensive and backyard
chicken farm at Wolayta Soddo town southern nation
nationalities and peoples region of Ethiopia. Three
hundred eighty four chickens were selected using
systematic random sampling technique. Ectoparasites
were collected from different parts of the body
including skin scraping from shank. Concomitantly
age, sex as well as other risk factors recorded. The
study result showed that four genus (lice, flea,
mite and tick) and six species of ectoparasites
recovered in back yard and none in intensive
production system. The prevalence of external
parasite infestation in backyard production system
were 88% lice, 16.5% flea, 8.1% mite and 9.2% tick.
Menopon gallinae 49 (139/284) the most prevalent
ectoparasite species followed by Cuclotogaster
heterographus 40%(115/284) while Cnemidocoptes
mutans 8.1%(23/284) was the least identified. The
finding in age group showed that there was a
significant difference in prevalence of lice
infestation between young and adult chicken (P<
0.05) with odds ratio of 5.2. Where young age group
are 5.2 times more likely to be infested with lice
than adult ones, where as mite prevalence was
significantly different between age group with OR of
2.8, where adult group are 2.8 times more likely to
be infested than young. On the other hand, flea and
tick weren't significantly different (P>0.05) in
both age and sex groups but it needs further study
to find plausible explanation. The study indicated
that external parasites are highly prevalent in
backyard chicken, which is associated with poor
hygienic system. There is a need to improve hygiene
to increase chicken productivity in the area.
Key words:
Chicken, Ectoparasites, Prevalence, Backyard,
Intensive, Commercial Poultry Farm, Wolayta Soddo,
Hygiene.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
2.
Survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle
in two districts of Somali regional state, Ethiopia -
Rahmeto Abebe, Thedrous Fantahun, Mesele Abera and
Jemere Bekele
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 539-543
A
cross-sectional study aimed at determining the
common tick species and their abundance in cattle
was conducted in two districts of Somali regional
state from October 2008 to March 2009. During the
period, a total of 10,055 adult ticks (Ixodidae)
were collected from 496 indigenous cattle. Out of
the total tick count, 4304 were males and 5751 were
females. Eight similar species of ticks that belong
to four genera (Amblyomma, Boophilus, Rhipicephalus
and Hyalomma) were identified in the two districts
covered by the study with a significant (P<0.001)
difference in the relative abundance of most tick
species between the districts. R. pulchellus was the
most abundant tick species in Fafem district
(25.41%), followed by B. decoloratus (24.83%) with
H. m. rufipes being the least abundant (2.28%).
Conversely, the most abundant tick species in
Awubere district was B. decoloratus (21.43%) and A.
variegatum (4.2%) was the least. A significantly
higher (P<0.0001) overall mean tick burden was seen
in Awubere than Fafem district. The mean tick burden
was found to be independent of age and sex of the
animals (P>0.05). An overall male to female ratio of
0.75:1 was also determined showing the dominance of
females. In conclusion, eight different species of
ticks were found infesting cattle in the study area.
Limited scope of awareness regarding the impact of
ticks, lack of adequate veterinary infrastructures
and absence of tick control strategy are the major
factors accountable for the widespread existence of
tick species in the area. For that reason, educating
pastoral society on appropriate animal husbandry
especially regarding to tick control and creating
awareness on tick epidemiology would be imperative
to minimize the effect of ticks and ultimately to
improve the living standards of the pastoral
society.
Keywords:
Abundance, Awubere, Tick, Ethiopia, Ectoparasite,
Blood Parasite, Epidemiology, Tick Borne Disease.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
3.
Therapeutic efficacy of AV/UTL/17 in cases of
post-partum gynaecological disorders in cows: a
field study -
Rajiv Walia, K. Ravikanth, Shivi Maini and Divesh
Sood
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 544-545
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Original Research
4.
PK-PD modelling of norfloxacin after oral
administration in rabbits -
B. H. Pavithra, N. Prakash and K. Jayakumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 546-548
Norfloxacin
posses a wide spectrum of activity, excellent tissue
penetration and is rapidly bactericidal at low
concentrations and hence an attempt was made to
integrate reported pharmacodynamic data with
pharmacokinetic data of norfloxacin after oral
administration in rabbits to determine its
effectiveness against common bacterial pathogens
infecting rabbits. Pharmacokinetic data were
obtained after a single per oral administration of
norfloxacin @ 100mg per kg. Plasma drug
concentrations were determined using high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From PK-PD
integration, it is observed that norfloxacin is
highly effective against gram negative infections
caused by Pasteurella multocida (AUC/MIC and Cmax/MIC
ratio of 133.5 and 111.5 respectively), its efficacy
against Salmonella spp., E. Coli, Shigella spp. and
Haemophilus influenza is moderate. However, per-oral
administration of norfloxacin is not suitable to
contain tested gram positive bacterial pathogens
infecting rabbits.
Key words:
norfloxacin, oral administration, PK-PD
integration, rabbits
» Abstract »
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Review Article
5.
Ethnoveterinary practices in India – A review -
N SriBalaji and Vikrama P. Chakravarthi
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 549-551
Ethno
veterinary practices concern to animal healthcare is
as old as the domestication of various livestock
species. They comprise belief, knowledge, practices
and skills pertaining to healthcare and management
of livestock. The Indian subcontinent has rich ethno
veterinary health traditions that are the products
of decades of experiences. The traditional medicines
that are commonly used for animal healthcare can cut
down costs considerably. Moreover, they are readily
available to the ordinary farmer. The key challenges
are to find out the effectiveness and contemporary
relevance of these practices. Before the
introduction of western medicine, all livestock
keepers relied on these traditional practices. This
article deals in brief about the traditional ethno
veterinary practice methods and its common
applications.
Keywords:
Ethno veterinary medicine & Plants.
» Abstract »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.549-551
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Review Article
6.
Synergistic effect of vitamin E and selenium in
anoestrus cows for improvement of conception rate -
O. B. Patil, S. N. Newase, M. D. Kulkarni, G. B.
Yadav and M. G. Shisode
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 552-553
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Review Article
7.
Gastric dilation and volvulus syndrome in dog -
Ami S. Bhatia, P. H. Tank, A. S. Karle, H. S.
Vedpathak and M. A. Dhami
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 554-557
Gastric
dilatation and volvulus syndrome (GDV) in dogs is an
abnormal accumulation of gastric gas (dilatation),
which may be complicated by rotation of the stomach
(volvulus) about its mesentric axis. A number of
factors, both environmental and host have been
implicated in GDV. This syndrome has a variety of
effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory,
gastrointestinal, metabolic, haemolymphatic-immune,
renal and central nervous systems. Clinical signs
include distended, painful, tympanic abdomen,
retching, unproductive vomiting, hypersalivation,
respiratory distress accompanied by varying degrees
of shock. Treatment of GDV includes medical and
fluid therapy at shock dosages to initially
stabilize the patient followed by gastric
decompression. Surgical procedure comprises of
gastric derotation followed by partial gastrectomy
or spleenectomy depending upon gastric or spleenic
viability and lastly, permanent right sided
gastropexy. Post surgical considerations include
frequent small meals instead of one large meal,
avoiding vigorous activity immediately after meals
and not allowing animal to gorge on water after
meals or activities.
Keywords :
Gastric Dilatation, dogs, Volvulus.
» Abstract »
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Review Article
8.
Heat shock proteins and their clinical implications -
M. M. Pathan, A. Latif, H. Das, G. M. Siddiquee and
Md J. Z. Khan
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 558-560
Knowledge of
the physiological role of heat shock proteins is
currently limited; however better understanding of
their function and thereby the acquisition of the
capacity to harness their power might lead to their
use as therapeutic agents and revolutionize clinical
practice in a number of areas. Future work is needed
to translate the experimental data on the capacity
of heat shock proteins to induce tumor protection
and immunity to infectious agents into the clinical
environment. Approach to cancer vaccine is based on
the role of HSP in the presentation of antigens. In
several infections and especially autoimmune
diseases, the implications of immune responses
against HSP are still not properly or fully
understood. HSP have clinical significance in
conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, vascular
wall injury, cardiac surgery, ischemic
preconditioning and ageing.
Keywords:
Heat Shock, Protein, Physiology, Therapeutic agent,
Vaccine Vehicle, Cancer, Reproduction, Immune
system, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Biology.
» Abstract »
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Review Article
9.
Molecular basis of post-surgical peritoneal
adhesions - An overview -
M. N. Vaze, C. G. Joshi and D. B. Patil
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 561-566
Post surgical
adhesion development remains a frequent occurrence
and is often unrecognized by surgeons. Peritoneal
adhesions are the leading cause of pelvic pain,
bowel obstruction and infertility. The prevention of
adhesion till date is speculative due to lack of
understanding of mechanisms involved in adhesion
development. Adhesions are proposed to the disorder
of wound healing and imbalance between
fibrinogenesis and fibrinolysis. The unprecedented
advancement in Molecular Biology has led us to
identify molecules involved in both wound healing
and adhesion development. The role of these
molecules in peritoneal biological functions is not
well understood. Hypoxia is proposed to be major
contributing factor for the development of
adhesions. The major mechanisms behind adhesion
development are increased fibrinogenesis, reduced
fibrinolysis, increased Extra Cellular Matrix
deposition, increased cytokine production, increased
angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis. Better
understanding of these events will make efficient
management of adhesions possible.
Keywords:
Post surgical adhesions, wound healing,
extracellular matrix, TGFß, MMP, fibrinogenesis,
fibrinolysis.
» Abstract »
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Review Article
10.
Nanotechnology and animal health -
Shiva Kumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(12): 567-569
Nanotechnology, although still in the early stages
of its development, is beginning to equip
scientists, engineers and biologists to work at the
cellular and molecular levels for significant
benefits in healthcare and animal medicine. It is
reasonable to presume over the next couple of
decades that nanobiotechnology industries and unique
developments will be revolutionising animal health
and medicine.
Keywords:
Nanotechnology, Nutrition, Health, Medicine,
Nanobiotechnology
» Abstract »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.567-569
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