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May - 2010
Original Research
1.
Characteristics of Staphylococci isolated from mastitic
goat milk in Iranian dairy herds - Azizollah
Ebrahimi, Naser Shams, Somayeh Shahrokh and Pezhman Mirshokraei
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 205-208
One hundred
and fifteen cases of sub clinical mastitis were detected in a
study on 510 goats from 5 herds in west central, Iran. From
positive milk samples, 23 Staphylococcus spp. strains were
isolated. Fourteen isolates were determined as Staphylococcus
aureus (12.17%), and the other 9 (7.82%) as Staphylococcus
epidermidis. Eleven and six isolates of S. aureus and S.
epidermidis produced combined form of hemolysins a/ß/d, while
ß/d hemolysins produced by 2 and 3 isolates respectively . Only
one isolate of S. aureus produced single type d hemolysin. The
sensitivity of all strains to 10 chemotherapeutics was tested
through the disk diffusion method, 6 strains (26.08%) were
determined as methicillin-resistant: out of them 4 isolates were
S. aureus and 2 S.epidermidis. S. aureus and S. epidermidis
isolates were 100% resistant to Cloxaciline and Kanamycin while
the resistance to Penicillin was 100% in S. aureus and 33.33% in
S. epidermidis isolates.
Keywords: Goat, Mastitis, Staphylococci, Hemolysin,
Antimicrobial susceptibilities, Iran.
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Original Research
2. Evaluation of pre and post
artificial insemination effect of GnRH hormone on conception of
repeat breeder Deoni cows - Mahesh S. Dodamani, Khaja
Mohteshamuddin, S.D. Awati, M.K. Tandle and S.S. Honnappagol
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 209-211
Twenty four Deoni repeat breeder cows were randomly allocated
into 4 groups of six each. The animals of groups I, II and III
were injected with 250 µg of buserelin acetate (Receptal®) on
two occasions i.e. once on day of estrus and second dose on days
10 or 12 or14 respectively in I, II and III groups following
breeding, while the animals of group IV served as control. Among
the physical characters of estrual cervico-vaginal mucous,
typical arborization pattern (80.95 % in pregnant vs. 55.56 % in
non-pregnant cows) and marginally high spinnbarkeit readings
(24.67+2.7cms in pregnant and 22.21+1.32 cms in non-pregnant
cows) favored better fertility, although the differences between
the groups were statistically insignificant. However, the pH of
estrual cervico-vaginal mucous did not indicate any effect on
fertility and it ranged between 8.00 to 9.00. The cows of
treatment groups I, II and III registered a considerably higher
conception rate of 83.33 percent each, while in control group
cows had only 33.33 percent. To conclude GnRH therapy
irrespective of days of administration resulted in an overall
enhancement in conception rate of 83.33 as against 33.33 percent
in control groups of cows.
Key Words: Repeat breeding, GnRH, Conception Rate,
Cervical mucous and Deoni Cows.
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Original Research
3. Comparision of polymerase chain
reaction and agar gel immunodiffusion test in detection of
Marek’s Disease virus - K. Jayalakshmi, G. Selvaraju,
A. Manicavasaka Dinakaran, T.R. Gopalakrishna Murthy, M. Geetha
and S. Saravanan
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 212-214
A study was undertaken to identify Marek’s disease virus (MDV)
antigen by PCR and AGID and to test the significance of PCR and
AGID by McNemar’s test in detection of MDV antigen in outbreak
in layer flocks. A total of twelve different MD outbreak flocks
with varying flock size were selected in this study. Feather
follicles were collected from 10 apparently healthy birds, 10
clinically affected birds and 10 dead birds separately in each
outbreak. All the samples were subjected to PCR and AGID. In PCR,
42 (35.00%), 68 (56.67%) and 106 (88.33%) samples were positive
to MDV in apparently healthy birds, clinically affected birds
and dead birds respectively and in AGID 28 (23.33%), 56 (46.67%)
and 98 (81.67%) samples were positive to MDV in apparently
healthy birds, clinically affected birds and dead birds
respectively. In testing the significance of PCR and AGID in
detecting MDV, significant difference existed between the two
tests in feather tips of apparently healthy birds (P < 0.05),
whereas there was no significant difference between PCR and AGID
in detection of MDV in feather tips of clinically affected and
dead birds (P > 0.05). Hence, PCR can be used to screen MDV in
apparently healthy birds and AGID can be used to screen MDV in
clinically affected and dead birds keeping feasibility and
economic consideration.
Keywords: Marek’s disease, Herpesvirus of turkey,
Polymerase chain reaction, Agar gel immunodiffusion test
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Abstract
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Original Research
4. Socio-economic status of livestock
farmers of Narasapura village - A benchmark analysis
- K. Sathyanarayan, V. Jagadeeswary, V. Chandrashekhar Murthy,
S. Wilfred Ruban and G. Sudha
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 215-218
The study was
conducted following exploratory research design to ascertain the
profile characteristics of livestock farmers. Findings indicated
that majority of the farmers had low to medium profile. Hence
efforts should be undertaken by the Government, Veterinary
Universities and other extension agencies in providing
information on livestock farming practices so that they could
bring about change in their living and improve the
socio-economic status of livestock farmers.
Keywords: Livestock Farmer, Socio-economic change,
Analysis, Veterinary Extension.
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Original Research
5. Incidence of canine hip dysplasia :
A survey of 272 cases - Shiju Simon, M., R. Ganesh,
S. Ayyappan, G. D. Rao, R. Suresh Kumar, M. Manonmani and B. C.
Das
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 219-220
A total of 272 cases of hip dysplasia were reviewed. A review of
clinical cases presented with the clinical signs of hip
dysplasia were referred to Radiology Unit of Madras Veterinary
College, from May 2007-April 2009 was taken for this study.The
incidence was highest in young animals of age group over three
months to one year (52.94 percent). The breed-wise incidence was
more common in Labrador Retriever (36.76 percent). Male dogs
were found to be more affected (59.55 percent) than female dogs.
Bilateral hip dysplasia was found to be more (88.60 percent)
than unilateral. Among the unilateral hip dysplasia, left side
was found to be more (54.83 percent) than right.
Keywords: Hip Dysplasia, Nutrition Imbalance, Canine,
Radiology.
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Original Research
6. Hormonal and biochemical profiles
in follicular fluid of unovulated follicles in superovulated
goats ovaries - S. B. Deshpande and M. M. Pathak
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 221-223
The composition of follicular fluid (FF) varies with the
cyclical hormonal changes and developmental stage of follicle.
During superovulation programme, the large number of unovulated
follicles is a major constraint and affects adversely the embryo
recovery. An attempt was made to study the hormonal and
biochemical profiles of unovulated follicles in goat
superovulated with either Synthetic FSH (133 mg Folltropin) or
1000 IU PMSG (Folligon). The study revealed that Progesterone
and testosterone concentrations were significantly (P<0.05)
higher in FF of unovulated follicles of suparovulated goats as
compared to control. The total and free cholesterol levels were
significantly (P<0.05) lower in FF of treated animals then
control one. The Alkaline Phosphosphatase activity was recorded
lower in treated group while Acid Phosphosphatase activity was
observed significantly (P<0.05) high in FF of treated animals
compared to control. Iron and zinc concentration were also
recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher in FF of superovulated
animal compared to control. The total protein concentration was
observed high in FF of treated animals than control but the
differences were statistically non significant. The
concentration of estradiol 17 ß, Lactate dehydrogenase and
Copper did not show much variation between treatment and control
group.
Key words: Goat, Superovulation, Unovulated Follicles,
Follicular Fluid Composition
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Original Research
7. Economic evaluation of milk cake
with different packaging materials - S. N. Landge, D.
N. Kulkarni and S. M. Gaikwad
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 224-226
The ten samples of milk cake were prepared with various
combinations and levels of ingredients such as sugar, deshi ghee
and coagulant. Out of these samples only top five of them were
selected for the cost of production, on the basis of ten point
hedonic scale. And then out of these top five combinations, the
sample required highest cost for production was selected to
estimate the cost of production by using the packaging
materials. for P1,P4 and P5 samples, Rs. 91.47 for P3 and P8,
within the process combinations it is seen that with increased
level of deshi ghee, the cost proportionately increased (i.e. in
P3 and P8 samples). The non-dairy product such as sugar and alum
also play a very important role to reduce the cost and increase
the profit. Sugar contributes about 140 gm of weight in one kg.
of product and cost just Rs.2.80 which helped to increase return
from product because it is cheaper than the solids in the milk.
The product sold in market at the rate of Rs. 110 per kg. which
required net total cost for production about Rs.79.54 and
Rs.82.04 without packaging material and with packaging material
respectively.
Keywords:- Milk cake, cost of production, Polypropylene
bag, Aluminium foil with LDPE laminates, Wax coated paper and
Craft paper
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Original Research
8.
Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting body weight of
buffaloes - Shashi Shankar and K.G. Mandal
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 227-229
The present
experiment was conducted on 60 randomly selected dairy units
consisting of 116 Graded Murrah,70 Diara type and 121
Non-descript type buffalo cows utilizing the procedure of
‘’stratified random sampling with proportional allocation (Snedecor
& Cochran,1967) in and around Patna.Genetic factors were the
three different genetic groups of buffaloes viz. Graded
murrah,Diara and Non-descript types prevalent in Bihar.Where as
Non-genetic factors included in the study were location of
herd,faming system and sequence of lactation.The average
estimates of body weight of Graded murrah, Diara and
Non-descript were found to be 508.972+3.36, 461.789+3.32 and
483.857+3.30 kg respectively. The three genetic groups of
buffaloes differed significantly (p<0.05) among themselves with
respect to their body weight.Farming system and lactation order
had significant(p<0.01) influence on body weight. Body weight of
the animals was the lowest at first parity and then increased
significantly (p<0.05) in subsequent parities.
Key words :buffaloes ,Body weight,genetic and non genetic
factors.
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Original Research
9. Effect of polyherbal formulations
on ruminal digestion in goat - P. B. Handekar, A. Y.
Kolte, H. C. Mendhe, R. M. Puri, K. Ravikanth, S. Maini and D.
S. Rekhe
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 230-233
Rumen ecology
plays vital role in the digestion, absorption and assimilation
of ingesta in cattle. Digestive disorders in cattle directly
affects the economics of dairy farm due to impact on production,
hence the present study was planned to evaluate efficacy of
herbal rumen ecology modulator AV/RMF/17 and Ruchamax on rumen
liquor profile in goats. Total healthy twenty-one female goats
were selected and divided randomly into three equal groups.
Group (T1) was untreated control while, group T2 & T3 were
supplemented with herbal Rumen modulator (AV/RMF/17) and
Ruchamax (M/s Ayurvet Ltd. Baddi, HP) @ 1.5 kg/ tone of feed and
1 kg/ tone of feed for 45 days respectively. Physical,
biochemical examination of rumen liquor and growth parameters
were evaluated. Among physical properties colour, consistency
and odour recorded on 0 day observed which was observed to be
greenish brown with watery consistency while odour was slightly
amonical, which changes to greenish brown with viscous
consistency and aromatic odour in T2 and T3 group within 7th day
post treatment. Biochemical examination of rumen liquor reveals
significantly decreased pH, TTA, TVFA and lactic acid in control
group which were significantly increased in T2 and T3 groups in
post treatment period as compared to control. Growth parameters
viz. body weight gain, feed consumption and FCR were also
improved as compared to untreated control. From overall
observation indicated that animal treated with AV/RMF/17 and
Ruchamax therapies showed better results on physical,
biochemical examination of rumen liquor and improvement in
performance parameters indicates normalization of rumen
microflora.
Key words: AV/RMF/17, Ruchamax, Goat, Rumen liquor,
Microbial, FCR
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Case Report
10.
Clinical management of snake bite in a dog - B. R.
Suchitra, M. C. Anilkumar and G. P. Kalmath
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 234
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Case Report
11.
Mammary fibroadenoma in a rat and its surgical management
- Mohd. Shafiuzama, M. Shiju Simon, B. C. Das, G. D. Rao, T.
A. Kannan, and R. Suresh Kumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 235
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Review Article
12. Role of ß carotene / vitamin A in
animal reproduction - Sudhir Kumar, A. K. Pandey, M.
Mutha Rao and W. A. A. Razzaque
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 236-237
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Review Article
13.
Use of assisted reproductive technologies for livestock
development - Vikrama Chakravarthi. P and N. Sri
Balaji
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 238-240
Genetic improvement of farm animals is a prime concern over the
years for researchers. Several reproductive technologies have
been employed to achieve this. Assisted reproductive
technologies like Artificial insemination, Superovulation, In
vitro Fertilization, Embryo Transfer have been introduced to
overcome reproductive problems, to increase the offspring from
selected female’s and to reduce the generation intervals in farm
animals. The progress achieved during the last few years in the
assisted reproductive technologies field has been phenomenal.
Artificial Insemination (AI) is the most effective method being
used for the genetic improvement of animals. Reproductive
capacity and efficiency has been improved tremendously since the
introduction of artificial insemination. The development of
cloning using various cells from the animal body has created
opening of a fascinating scientific arena. These technologies
have been propounded as saviors of indigenous livestock breeds.
These alternative reproductive techniques are available not only
for manipulation of reproductive processes but also proven to be
powerful tools in curbing the spread of vertically transmitted
diseases. The successful reproductive technologies such as AI
and Embryo transfer need be applied on a large scale, emerging
biotechnogies such as MOET, IVF and Cloning provides powerful
tool for rapidly changing the animal populations, genetically.
This advanced reproduction technologies will definitely play an
important role in the future perspective and visions for
efficient reproductive performance in livestock.
Key words: Oestrus Synchronization, AI, Cloning, MOET &
IVF
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Abstract &
References
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» doi:
10.5455/vetworld.2010.238-240
Review Article
14. Rapid methods for detection of
veterinary drug residues in meat - B P Shankar, B H
Manjunatha, Prabhu, S Chandan, D Ranjith, V Shivakumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 241-246
The use of substances having hormonal or thyreostatic action as
well as b-agonists is banned in many countries. However,
sometimes forbidden drugs may be added to feeds for illegal
administration to farm animals for promoting increased muscle
development or increased water retention and thus obtain an
economical benefit. The result is a fraudulent overweight of
meat but, what is worse, residues of these substances may remain
in meat and may pose a real threat to the consumer either
through exposure to the residues, transfer of antibiotic
resistance or allergy risk. This has exerted a great concern
among the meat consumers. The control of the absence of these
forbidden substances in animal foods and feeds is regulated in
the European Union by Directive 96/23/EC on measures to monitor
certain substances and residues in live animals and animal
products. Analytical methodology, including criteria for
identification and confirmation, for the monitoring of
compliance was also given in Decisions 93/256/EEC and
93/257/EEC. More recently, Decision 2002/657/EC provided rules
for the analytical methods to be used in testing of official
samples. New substances with anabolic properties are being
detected year by year increasing the list of forbidden compounds
to be tested. Furthermore, the extended practice consisting in
the use of “cocktails” (mixtures of low amounts of several
substances that exert a synergistic effect) to have a similar
growth promotion, reduces the margin for an effective analytical
detection. Thus, the evolution of the “black market” is making
really difficult to have an effective analytical control of the
residues of these substances in foods of animal origin. Control
laboratories must face an increasing demand of analysis like the
growing number of residues to be analysed in different types of
samples, the strict guidelines for analytical methodologies
according to the latest Directives, the increased costs of such
new methodologies, the variety of residues to search per sample
and the need to invest on powerful new instruments for
identification and confirmatory purposes. Rapid and versatile
screening methodologies make its control easier and reduce the
number of non-compliant samples to be confirmed through tedious
and costly confirmatory analytical methodologies. For instance,
the multiresidue analysis can be performed better by using fast
LC methods. Thus, the availability of new screening
methodologies and the improvement of the existing ones will
contribute to a better safety assurance of meat and other foods
of animal origin.
Keywords: Drug Residue, Meat, Residues in food, Hormone.
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Abstract &
References
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» doi:
10.5455/vetworld.2010.241-246
Review Article
15.
Toxoplasmosis : beware of cats !!! - Biswaranjan
Maharana, Manjit Panigrahi, Rubina Kumari Baithalu, Subhashree
Parida and Idrees Mehraj Allaie
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 247-249
Anthropozoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes widespread
human and animal diseases, mostly involving central nervous
system. Human acquires toxoplasmosis from cats, from consuming
raw or undercooked meat and from vertical transmission to the
fetus through placenta from mother during pregnancy.
Socio-epidemiological as well as unique environmental factors
also plays a significant role in transmission of this infection.
Preventive measures should be taken into account the importance
of culture, tradition, and beliefs of people in various
communities more than solving poverty and giving health
education. Therefore the focus of this article is to create
public awareness regarding sense of responsibility of looking
after pets to prevent such an important zoonotic disease.
Keywords: Feline, Zoonosis, Vertical Transmission, Public
Health.
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Abstract
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Review Article
16.
Managemental practices to control ascitis in a flock -
Yancy Mary Issac, John Abraham, Sreeparvathy, Jini George
and C. Balusami
Vet World. 2010; 3(5): 250-252
Ascitis is a metabolic disease of poultry in which excess
amounts of fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity. Ascitis is
initiated by factors that elevate the blood pressure within
arteries supplying the lungs. This increase in pulmonary
arterial pressure (hypertension) triggers the accumulation of
fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascitis). This condition,
generally recognized in broilers is often lethal. If at all the
bird survives, the carcass would most often be condemned. When
birds are chronically exposed to low oxygen levels, it tend to
lead to a high incidence of ascitis. Other predisposing factors
associated with the syndrome are rapid tissue growth, low
protein or high sodium chloride in the mash, ammonia, noxious
gases and mycotoxin. Hepatitis, cardiovascular, pulmonary and
renal diseases are also considered important in the etiology of
ascitis syndrome. The birds affected show shrunken comb, loss of
feathers in the abdominal region, subcutaneous odema, odema of
head, cyanosis, pot bellied appearance, staggering gait and
respiratory distress. It is better to prevent ascitis than going
for treatment. Methods of feed restriction, Temperature, Air
quality, Dust, Ammonia, Oxygen play a very useful role in
control of ascitis.
Keywords: Management, Ascitis, Flock, Broiler, Abdomen,
Renal Disease, Pulmonary Disease, Cardiovascular Disease.
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