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July
- 2010
Original Research
1.
A survey of occurrence of toxogenic fungi and mycotoxins in pig
feed samples-Use in evaluation of risk assessment -
Dragan Milicevic, Miomir Nikšic, Tatjana Baltić, Danijela Vranic,
Srdan Stefanovic, Saša janković
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 305-311
In order to assess of
risk assessment, the aim of this paper was to provide good and
detailed insight into the level of contamination of complete
feedmixes intended for fattening swine from mycotoxin-producing
fungi and mycotoxins (n=18). Isolation and quantitative
enumeration of fungal propagules were done on solid media using
the standard microbiological procedure. These plates were
incubated the number of colonies was determined and thent on the
basis of characteristic colonies and microscopic analysis was
performed to identify genera and species of moulds. Isolates
identified as Aspergillus and Penicillium species were subjected
to molecular characterization of the presence of genes
responsible for the synthesis of OTA (polyketide synthase gene-PKS).
Total fungal counts (CFU/g) ranged from 0,5x105 do 4x106. From a
total samples analysed, seven samples had fungal counts higher
than the limit established by Serbian regulations (3x105).
During a mycological analysis of complete feedmixes intended for
fattening swine, a total of six genera and 14 species of moulds
were identified of which the most frequent one was of the genus
Penicillium (94,4%) while the moulds from Fusarium genere
isolated in 55,5% and Paecilomyces in 44,4% of the samples from
investigated localities. Other fungi from the genera Aspergillus
(22%), Mycor (11,1%) and Alternaria (5,5%) were represented in a
less amount. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a set of 18
isolates of the DNA belonging to families Penicillium and
Aspergillus. The sequences of PCR reaction products in three
samples were compared with nucleotide sequences of genes for
poliketid synthase (PKS) from Penicillium species and found that
the samples possess PKS sequence. The traditional methods for
identification of ochratoxin-producing fungi are time-consuming
and labor-intensive. Rapid and specific detection of ochratoxin-producing
fungi is important for ensuring microbiological quality and
safety of feed and food.
Key words: Moulds,
Mycotoxin, Feed Stuff, PCR, Risk assessment, Porcine,
Occurrence, Toxogenic
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext » doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.305-311
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Original Research
2.
Chemical and biochemical characterization of Taenia hydatigena
cysticerci in goats -
S. Nath, S.Pal, P.K.Sanyal, R.C.Ghosh and S.Mandal
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 312-314
The present study was
undertaken to study the chemical, biochemical profiles of the
cystic fluid of Cysticercus tenuicollis and to assess the
pathological changes in the affected organ. Cysts were collected
aseptically from the goat carcasses and were subjected to
different chemical and biochemical test. Twenty four cyst among
them were analyzed for different chemical and biochemical
constituents present in their cystic fluid. Showing results as
Calcium (12.0-260.0 mg/100ml), Sodium (130.5-424.3 ppm) and
Potassium (12.50-52.50 ppm) and biochemicals like Aspartate
aminotransferase (0.1310-23.00 U/L), Alanine aminotransferase
(1.000-86.17 U/L), Lactate dehydrogenase (10.00- 108.0 U/L) and
Alkaline phosphate (18.00-176.0 U/L).
Keywords:
Cysticercus tenuicollis, Cystic fluid, Histopathology, Zoonosis,
Biochemical parameter, Chemical parameter.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
3.
Biochemical changes in goats treated with anthelmintic
indigenous herbs -
Sachin Jain and Y.P. Sahni
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 315-317
The present study was
undertaken to assess the biochemical changes in goats treated
with anthelmintic indigenous herbs. The analysis of data was
done in 18 goats, irrespective of age, sex and breed. The
experimental goats were randomly divided in six groups. The
effect of crude powder and cold aqueous extract of Nigella
sativa, Swertia chirata and Piper longum was studied on various
biochemical parameters, i.e., Blood glucose, Total protein,
Albumin and Globumin. Significant increase was noticed in the
level of blood glucose, serum total protein and albumin.
Keywords:
Anthelmintic, Biochemical, Nigella sativa, Swertia chirata,
Piper longum, Goat.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
4.
The comparative effects of synthetic choline and herbal choline
on hepatic lipid metabolism in broilers -
G.R.Gangane, N.Z. Gaikwad, K.Ravikanth and S.Maini
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 318-320
An experiment of 0-42
days in day old 150 Vencobb broiler chickens was conducted to
determine comparative effects of synthetic choline and herbal
sources of choline on hepatic lipid metabolism in broilers.
Birds were randomly distributed into three groups (T0- T2), one
untreated control and two treatments. Chicks in Group T0 were
given feed without any additional source choline chloride.
Chicks of Group T1 were fed with feed mixed with herbal product
(Repchol supplied by Ayurvet Ltd., Baddi, India) @ 500gm/tonne
of feed and T2 was given combination of synthetic choline
chloride@1kg/tonne (60%) and biotin @ 150 mg/ton of feed. To
study the effect of inclusion of herbal sources of choline and
synthetic choline on hepatic lipid metabolism, serum
triglycerides and cholesterol were estimated on day 21st and
42nd of experimental study. Gross pathological changes in liver
were recorded on representative birds per group at the end of
the study. It was recorded that inclusion of either synthetic
choline or herbal source of choline exerted a
hypocholesterolemic effect and also decreased the level of
triglycerides as compared to untreated control thus minimizing
the incidence of fatty liver, however the two treatment do not
differ significantly. Gross pathological study also revealed no
significant changes in the architecture of liver as compared to
control. It can be concluded that the herbal supplements can
successfully replace their synthetic analogues from broiler
ration.
Key words: Broiler
chickens, Hepatic, Synthetic choline, Herbal, Lipid Metabolism.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
5.
Seasonal incidence of caprine gastrointestinal nematodosis -
Amrita Singh, G.C.Hazarika, A.Phukan and P.Hussain
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 321-322
A total of 157 goats,
irrespective of sex, breed and age from an organized farm were
screened for gastrointestinal nematode infection for a period of
one year i.e. from February 2006 to January 2007. Occurrences of
G.I. nematodes in different age group were also studied. The
goats below 1 year were found to carry significantly higher
nematode burden than the goats of 1-3 years and above 3 years of
age. In strongyle groups, the parasites were recorded as
Haemonchus, Oesophegastomum, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides,
Bunostomum and Cooperia. Prevalence of Strongyle infection was
higher in monsoon season in goats below one year of age.
Non-occurrence of Trichuris spp in winter season was also
recorded. Ivermectin @ 10 mg/30 kg. Body weight orally as single
dose was found to be most effective for treatment of
gastrointestinal nematodosis.
Keywords:
Nematode, Gastro-intestinal, Haemonchus, Oesophegastomum,
Trichuris, Ivermectin, Helminth.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
6.
Effect of induced hypothyroidism on plasma cholesterol and
bilirubin in marwari sheep -
Barkha Gupta, Anil Moolchandani, Meenaxi Sareen
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 323-325
Hypothyroidism was
induced in Marwari adult sheep (9 rams) by thiourea feeding (@
50 mg/kg body weight). The blood samples were collected and
analysed on 0 (control), 3rd, 5th and 7th day of thiourea
feeding. The investigation was carried out to study the effects
of induced hypothyroidism on plasma cholesterol and billirubin
in Marwari sheep. Plasma cholesterol showed a non-significant (P
> 0.05) effect of induced hypothyroidism however, it increased
gradually with the subsequent phases of induced hypothyroidism.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significant
(P?0.01) increase in plasma bilirubin concentration during
different phases of induced hypothyroidism in our study. Thus,
Hypercholesterolemia and Hyperbilirubinemia are the salient
clinical and biochemical features of induced hypothyroidism.
Keywords:
Hypothyroidism, Sheep, Cholesterol, Plasma.
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext » doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.323-325
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Original Research
7.
In vitro investigation of anthelmintic activity of Mitragyna
parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (Rubiaceae) -
Vishal B.
Badgujar and Sanjay J Surana
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 326-328
In the present study
anthelmintic activity of Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (Rubiaceae)
stem-bark was performed in vitro against earthworms. Methanol
extract of dried stem-bark was used for the study. The
methanolic extract of M. parvifolia stem bark at the
concentration of 100 mg/ml produced significant anthelmintic
activity, whereas 20 mg/ml lower concentration did not produce
significant results when compared with standard (P<0.01). The
result of anthelmintic activity of methanolic extract produced
were evaluated by observing paralysis time and death time of
earthworms and were found to be dose dependent. This finding
proves usefulness of stem-bark as a anthelmintic drug.
Keywords:
Mitragyna parvifolia, Rubiaceae, Anthelmintic activity
» Abstract »
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Original Research
8.
Effect of pine-apple pulp on sensory and chemical Properties of
burfi -
Kapila Kamble, P.A.Kahate, S.D.Chavan and V.M. Thakare
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 329-331
Burfi is a popular khoa
based confection and it’s contain considerable amount of milk
solids. The manufacture of value added products by using
seasonal fruit like pineapple. The present investigation shows
that, the overall acceptability of the pineapple pulp Burfi
prepared with 15 per cent pineapple pulp in treatment T4 (93.53)
was highest and superior. Treatment T4 was more acceptable than
all treatments in flavor, body texture and colour and
appearance. The chemical composition of Burfi was affected due
to addition of pineapple pulp to the fat, protein, total solids,
moisture and ash.
Key words:
Pineapple pulp, Burfi, Sensory quality, Milk Product.
» Abstract »
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Case Report
9.
Dystocia in mare due to fetal Postural defect -
D. B. Bhoi, D. N. Suthar, J. J. Parmar and J. B. Patel
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 332
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Case Report
10.
Management of recurrent rectal prolapse in a leopard (Panthera
pardus pardus) -
Tapan Kumar Pattanaik
and Subharaj Samantara
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 333-334
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Case Report
11.
Arthrogryposis in a calf -
V.Devi Prasad, N.V.V.Hari Krishna, Sreenu M and R.Thangadurai
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 335-336
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Case Report
12.
Carapace fracture in a turtle - A case report -
Nisha Joy, S.K. Jhala, Mehraj U Din Dar, Roon Mathai, A.M.
Patel, D.B.Patil, N.H. Kelawala, P.V. Parikh and D.O.Joshi
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 337-338
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Case Report
13.
Removal of dermoid cyst in a German shepherd dog -
S. K. Jhala, Nisha Joy, D.B. Patil, P.V. Parikh, N.H. Kelawala
and A.M. Patel
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 339
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Review Article
14.
Canine pyometra -
Rubina
Kumari Baithalu, Biswa Ranjan Maharana, Chinmoy Mishra,
Laxminarayan Sarangi and Lipismita Samal
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 340-342
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Review Article
15.
Understanding and exploiting the T - cell memory -
Kshipra Chandrashekhar, Ajit Singh, Archana Sharma
and Rajkumari Sanjukta
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 343-345
Immunological memory is
one of the lesser understood aspects of adaptive immunity which
protects organisms from recurrent and persistent attack by
pathogens. The central event in the generation of both humoral
and cell mediated immune responses is the activation and clonal
expansion of T cells. T cell activation is initiated by
interaction of the TCR-CD3 complex with processed antigenic
peptide bound to either a class I (CD8+cells) or class II (CD
4+cells) MHC molecule on the surface of antigen presenting cell
(APC). On interaction of a naïve T cell with the processed
antigen initiates a cascade of events which activates the
resting T cell to enter the cell cycle, proliferating and
developing into a clone of progeny cells, which differentiate
into memory or effector T cells. Memory T cells are generated by
antigen interaction and remain long but quiescent in nature,
however responding with greater reactivity to a subsequent
challenge with the same antigen, generating a secondary
response. Memory cells, though in the G0 stage of the cell cycle
require a lower level of activation than so naïve cells. A lot
of work in this direction can yield a whole lot of interesting
findings which will help us develop better vaccines for chronic
animal diseases like Tuberculosis, Johne’s disease using
suitable animal models. A better understanding of these issues
may lead to improvements in the design of vaccines which can be
used to generate potent protective T cell memory against
pathogens. In the present article various properties of memory T
cells along with their implications to vaccine development have
been reviewed.
Key words:
Effector T cells; Memory T cells; CD4+ cells; CD8+ cells; T cell
vaccines
» Abstract »
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Review Article
16.
Sex preselection in domestic animals - current status and future
prospects -
Srinivasa Prasad, Ch., S.Rangasamy and S.Satheshkumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(7): 346-348
Sex preselection is a
subject that has held man’s attention for generations. The most
effective way to achieve sex predetermination is to resolve X
and Y chromosome bearing sperm populations. One of the most
reliable methods of sorting spermatozoa is flow
cyto-fluorimetric analysis, which is based on the difference in
the DNA content of the X and Y sperm populations. The difference
in the DNA content between X and Y spermatozoa of mammals range
from 3.5 to 4.2 per cent. Sorting of variable spermatozoa by
flow cytometer have been improved over time and the sorting rate
with the recent high speed cell sorter is about 11 million
sperms of each sex per hour with purity of 90 per cent. Sort
re-analysis enables the laboratory validations of the purity of
the sex-sorted spermatozoa. Cryo-preservation of the sorted
spermatozoa has also been successful without affecting the
viability and fertility. Sexed semen has a wide range of
applications in animal breeding by increasing the selection
pressure for replacement females and in providing more number of
female offspring for progeny testing of breedable males
consequently increasing the accuracy of selection. Moreover use
of sex-sorted semen will also help in the conservation of
endangered species. Development of the instrument for increasing
the sorting rate and also purity of sorting without affecting
the viability and fertility is still an active area of research.
Key words: Sex
preselection, Spermatozoa, Fertilization, Domestic animal,
Chromosome.
» Abstract »
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