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September
- 2010
Original Research
1.
Bovine mastitis: prevalence, risk factors and major pathogens in
dairy farms of Holeta town, central Ethiopia -
B. Mekibib, M. Furgasa, F. Abunna, B. Megersa, A. Regassa
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 397-403
A cross sectional study
was carried out from November 2008 to April 2009 to estimate
prevalence of mastitis and to see associated bacterial pathogens
in lactating dairy cows in Holeta town. A total of 107 cross
bred milking cows were tested using California Mastitis Test (CMT).
Prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 71.0% (76/107), out of
which 22.4% (24/107) and 48.6% (52/107) were clinical and
subclinical, respectively. The quarter level prevalence was
44.9% (192/428); from this the clinical and subclinical forms
were 10.0% (43/428) and 34.8% (149/428), respectively. Out of
the 43 quarters with clinical cases, 31 had blind teats while 12
of them revealed active cases of mastitis. Samples from all 12
active clinical cases and 90.0% (134/149) of the CMT positive
subclinical quarters were found to be culture positive. From 146
culture positive samples, a total of 153 bacteria were isolated,
the most prevalent being S. aureus (47.1%) followed by Coagulase
negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (30.1%). Other bacterial isolates
included Streptococcus (7.2%), E.coli (4.6%), Micrococcus
species (3.3%), Klebsella pneumonae (3.3%), Enterobater aerogen
(1.3%), Corynebacterium species (2.0%) and Bacillus (1.3%). Risk
factors analysis revealed that prevalence significantly differed
with the age (P < 0.05), parity (P < 0.05) and udder hygiene
condition (P < 0.03). Thus, prevalence was relatively higher in
adult cows (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.64), cows with moderate
calves (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6, 3.6), cows with injured teat (OR
= 7.7, 95%CI = 0.9, 64.1) and cows with unwashed udder (OR =
2.3, 95% CI = 0.8, 6.4) than those corresponding animals. In
conclusion, this study revealed the importance of mastitis and
associated bacterial pathogen in the study area.
Key words: Bovine
mastitis; prevalence; risk factors; major pathogens; central
Ethiopia
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.397-403
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Original Research
2.
Using of PCR assay for identification of Helicobacter species in
hens' eggs -
Karima Galal, Abdel Hameed, Farouk Amin Wallaa
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 403-407
The prevalence of
Helicobacter Species in hens' eggs sold in Assiut and Qena
cities, Egypt was determined. A total of 300 hens' eggs were
collected from poultry farms and farmers, houses from both
cities in which every 5 eggs were represented as one egg pooled
sample. Each of egg shell and content was subjected to
procedures of isolation of Helicobacter Species followed by PCR
assay for the 16S rRNA gene for identification. The obtained
results revealed that H. pylori recorded as the highest
percentage of contamination (23.33%) followed by H. pullorum
(20%). Contamination of egg shells (18.3%) and contents (11.6%)
in farmer's houses was higher than poultry farm ones, concluding
that egg shell was more subjected to contamination with
Helicobacter Species than egg content. All H. pylori and H.
pullorum isolates were confirmed by PCR by detection of one PCR
product on agarose gel at 109 bp in case of H. pylori and at 477
bp in case of H. pullorum that corresponding to 16S rRNA region
of the gene, confirming the specificity of PCR assay for
identification of both strains. Regarding the in vitro
susceptibility testing, it was found that both strains were
sensitive to almost antibiotic used except for ceftriaxone and
Sulphamethoxazole +Trimethoprim.
Key words: Eggs,
Helicobacter spp., Antimicrobial susceptibility, PCR
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.403-407
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Original Research
3.
A study on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in farmed dairy
cattle in Himachal Pradesh -
Aneesh Thakur, Mandeep Sharma, Vipin C. Katoch, Prasenjit Dhar,
R. C. Katoch
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 408-413
A study was conducted on
440 dairy cattle in six organized dairy farms in the state of
Himachal Pradesh, India using tuberculin skin testing (TST) to
determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis. An overall
animal prevalence of 14.31% (63 of 440 animals) and a farm
prevalence of 16.67% (1 of 6 farms) were recorded in 6 dairy
farms by the TST. Of the six dairy farms studied, one of the
farms showed prevalence of 34.42% (63/183). There were also
marked differences in the prevalence of the disease within the
breeds (pure bred and their crosses) and the different age
groups. The findings were also corroborated with isolation of
the organism and IFN-γ assay. The prevalence of bovine
tuberculosis in one farm under study signifies potential health
risk.
Keywords: Bovine
Tuberculosis, Dairy Cattle, Skin testing, IFN-γ, Prevalence.
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.408-413
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Original Research
4.
Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of
inclusion body hepatitis virus -
Amit Gaba, Hitesh Parmar, J.K.Pal and K.S.Prajapati
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 414-416
nclusion body hepatitis
caused by avian adenovirus with highly pathogenic strain lead to
heavy mortality and unusual lesion like hydropericardium in
commercial broilers. Samples were collected from an outbreak in
12000 broiler flock from Andhra Pradesh with sudden high
mortality initiated from 32 days of age. Liver was enlarged and
showed petechae. Hydropericardium was extensive. 10% liver
suspension inoculated to SPF chicks produced mortality with
hydropericardium and showed presence of intranuclear inclusions
in the hepatocytes. Viral DNA extracted from infected liver
processed for PCR produced an amplicon of 890 bp. Nucleotide
sequence analysis using blast programme of NCBI showed 99%
identity with fowl adenovirus.
Keywords:
Inclusion body, Hepatitis, Avian Adenovirus, Broiler, Vaccine,
Molecular Characterization.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
5.
Influence of different types of bedding materials on immune
response and serum biochemical profile of caged mice -
R.
Vijayakumar, R. Samanta, A. K. Samanta, R. Guria and S. Joardar
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 417-420
Contact bedding material
is an important environmental factor and welfare creator for
laboratory mice. It can alter important physiological process
and create potential chance for experimental variation which
puts hurdle for comparability. The present experiment was
conducted to assess the possible impact of different types of
bedding material viz CPS, NWS and PH with fifty one albino mice
for a period of fifteen weeks in Laboratory Animal Facility. It
was observed that local immunity in mice was enhanced in NWS.
During in vitro immune assays, mice from NWS showed higher OD
value for reactive oxygen radical, produced more NO2 and higher
stimulation index i.e. 0.71 ± 0.01, 30.67 ± 0.88 µM and 7.90 ±
0.17, respectively than PH (0.23 ± 0.01, 17.0 ± 1.15 µM and 6.33
± 0.21) and CPS (0.33 ± 0.03, 15.67 ± 1.20 µM and 6.46 ± 0.27).
There was no influence of bedding type on systemic response.
Reduced glutathione value in liver was higher in NWS than PH and
CPS i.e. 8.54 ± 0.2, 7.09 ± 0.18 and 6.96 ± 0.14 µmole/ gm of
tissue. But heart reduced glutathione showed no variation among
different types of bedding materials. Serum analysis showed
significantly (p<0.05) higher total protein and albumin value
for enriched groups. But globulin value was not significantly
differing for enriched and non-enriched groups.
Key words: Contact
bedding, Reduced glutathione, Immune response, Mice.
» Abstract »
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Original Research
6.
Effect of air space in storage vials on motility of spermatozoa
in chilled buck semen -
Magnus Paul K and Lali F. Anand
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 421-423
This study was conducted
in order to find out the effect of air space on the top of glass
vial in which semen is stored, on the motility of spermatozoa.
45 samples collected from two bucks over a span of 6 months were
used for experiment. Goat milk extender was the diluent used.
Two ml each of diluted semen after noting their initial motility
was stored in 2 ml and 5 ml vials. Samples were stored at 5°C
and motility of spermatozoa noted at 24 and 48 hours. Semen
without air space was found to preserve the motility better than
semen with air space on 24 and 48 hours of incubation. This
could be better attributed to reactive oxygen species production
by the spermatozoa, but further investigation is needed in this
aspect to confirm it.
Key Words: Sperm
Motility, Oxidative Stress, Buck Semen, Reactive Oxygen Species
» Abstract »
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Original Research
7.
Role of Ayucal liquid in improving overall performance and
tibial mineralisation in broilers -
N. V. Jadhav, B. Awati, Pardeep Kumar, S. M. Kartikesh, K.
Ravikanth, Shivi Maini and Divesh Sood
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 424-426
An experiment was planned
with an aim to study the efficacy of herbal supplement of
calcium and phosphorous, Ayucal Liq. (supplied by Ayurvet Ltd.
Baddi, India) in 96 commercial day old broiler chicks at college
of Veterinary and Animal sciences ,Bidar, KVAFSU, Karnataka,
India. Day old chicks were randomly divided to two groups (One
control and one treatment) comprising three replicates per
treatment of 16 birds each. Group A served as control and was
supplemented with basal diet without any additional source of
calcium and phosphorous. Group B was administered with Ayucal
Liq.@ 10ml/100birds/day for duration of five weeks,
respectively. Parameters evaluated were growth, performance, and
serum biochemical after 3rd and 5th week & tibial mineralisation
after 5th week. Body weight gain and FCR was significantly
higher in the treated group as compared to control. Among
biochemical parameters serum Ca, P, Cholesterol, Serum alkaline
phosphatase were found to be improved in treated group as
compared to control group. Tibial mineralisation was
significantly better in treated group than control. It can be
concluded that supplementation of Ayucal Liquid is efficacious
in enhancing bioavailability of Ca & P, thereby improving
overall performance & bone mineralisation.
Keywords: Broiler,
Mineral, Calcium, Phosphorus, Supplementation.
» Abstract »
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Case Report
8.
Surgical correction of chronic cerivco-vaginal prolapse in a Red
Sindhi cow through intravaginal approach -
S. Nayak and S. Samantara
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 427-428
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Case Report
9.
Intestinal obstruction in a dog due to saree piece -
B. Chandra Prasad, M. M. Rajesh and Ch. Mallikarjuna rao
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 429-430
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Review Article
10.
Toxoplasmosis: An important protozoan zoonosis -
S. S. Sonar, M. N. Brahmbhatt
Vet World. 2010; 3(9): 436-439
Toxoplasmosis is an
important infection caused by single celled parasite Toxoplasma
gondii which is one of the world's most common parasites.
Toxoplasmosis is considered to be the third leading cause of
death attributed to food-borne illness in the United States.
Most people affected never develop signs and symptoms. But for
infants born to infected mothers and for people with compromised
immune systems, toxoplasmosis can cause extremely serious
complications. Toxoplasmosis was first described in 1908 from a
small rodent. The parasite infects almost all worm blooded
animals and serological evidence indicates that it is one of the
most common of humans’ infections throughout the world. The
disease is transmitted mainly by ingestion of infective stage of
the parasite, organ transplant as well as blood transfusion in
addition to the transplacental transmission which is very
common. Toxoplasmosis can be presented in various forms of
clinical manifestations depending on the immune status of the
patient causing life threatening disease in AIDS patient.
Pregnant women, cat owners, veterinarians, abattoir workers,
children, cooks, butchers are considered as high risk group.
Timely treatment of man and animals with proper antibiotic,
hygienic measures, proper disinfection, mass education and
vaccination are the measures to curtail the disease.
Keywords: Zoonosis,
Public Health, Toxoplasmosis, Protozoa.
» Abstract
& References »
PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.436-439
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