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Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
Review Article
11.
Canine streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
associated with necrotizing fasciitis: An overview -
Barkha Sharma, Mukesh Kumar Srivastava, Ashish
Srivastava and Rashmi Singh
Vet World. 2012; 5(5): 311-319
doi:
10.5455/vetworld.201 2.311-319
Abstract
Canine Toxic Shock Syndrome (CSTSS) is a serious
often fatal disease syndrome seen in dogs caused
as a result of an infection caused by gram
positive cocci of the family Streptococci. The
main bacterium involved in the etiology of Canine
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome is
Streptoccoccus canis, which was discovered by
Deveriese in 1986 and implicated as a cause of
this disease syndrome in 1996 by Miller and
Prescott. The clinical findings in this syndrome
are very much similar to those seen in the
infamous 'Toxic Shock 'caused by staphylococcal
toxins in humans, especially females. Like in
humans, the reason for emergence/reemergence of
Canine Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (CSTSS)
is unclear and very little is known about its
transmission and prevention. The disease is
characterized by multi systemic organ failure and
a shock like condition in seemingly healthy dog
often following an injury. In absence of proper
and prompt diagnosis and subsequent treatment by
injectable antibiotics and aggressive shock
therapy, dog often succumbs to the disease within
a few hours. The dog may have some rigidity and
muscle spasms or convulsions and a deep
unproductive cough followed by haemorrhage from
nasal and mouth along with melena. On necropsy,
these dogs show severe edema of the
gastrointestinal tract, congestion of multiple
organs, severe pulmonary congestion and evidence
of thrombo embolism. Necrotizing fasciitis is a
localized form of streptococcal infection seen as
extensive soft tissue sloughing and necrosis along
the fascial planes. No vaccination is available so
avoidance of the probable causal factors mainly
participation in community events, estrus, change
of environment and shipping is the only way to
keep pet dogs away from this disease.
Keywords:
Canine Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (CSTSS),
Streptococcus canis, Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF),
multiorgan failure
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