Aim: To compare the newly formulated enterotoxaemia vaccine having oil
and alum adjuvants, with presently available toxoid and alum precipitated
vaccines.
Materials and Methods: Three types of enterotoxaemia vaccines,
namely toxoid (TV), alum precipitated (APV) and alum precipitated oil adjuvant
vaccine (AOV) were prepared using a highly toxigenic strain of Clostridium
perfringens type D procured from Division of Biological Standardization, IVRI,
Izatnagar. Humoral immunity generated in rabbits with these vaccines was then
quantified using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mice
neutralization test (MNT).
Results: Out of three enterotoxaemia vaccines
tested, alum precipitated oil adjuvant vaccine produced higher and persistent
antibody titre for more than 45 days without any booster dose and did not
produce any untoward reactions at the injection site. Alum precipitated vaccine
elicited better and persistent immune response than toxoid vaccine though it was
less than alum precipitated oil adjuvant vaccine. In MNT, alum precipitated and
alum precipitated oil adjuvant vaccines showed protection at 45th day of post
vaccination while toxoid vaccine showed only up to 28th day.
Conclusion:
Results of the study unfolded the synergistic role of adjuvants in the induction
of better and persistent immune response and also indicated the superiority of
alum precipitated oil adjuvant vaccine over the currently available toxoid and
alum precipitated enterotoxaemia vaccines.
Keywords: alum precipitated
oil adjuvant vaccine, Clostridium perfringens Type D, enterotoxeamia, indirect
enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay, mice neutralization test
