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Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
Research
(Published
online: 21-12-2013)
11. The effect of heat stress on clinicopathological
changes and immunolocalization of antigens in experimental Streptococcus
agalactiae infection in Red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) - O.
Noraini, N. A. Jahwarhar, M. Y. Sabri, B. O. Emikpe, P. N. Tanko, M. H. Latifah
and S. Jamil
Veterinary World, 6(12): 997-1003
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2013.997-1003
Abstract
Aim: To understand the
influence of environmental temperature on streptococcosis, heat
stress associated pathological changes in acute streptococcosis in
red tilapia using various routes of infection was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Red hybrid tilapia were inoculated
with 109 CFU/ml of Streptococcus agalactiae using intra-peritoneal
(IP), immersion (IM), and immersion cut (IC) which were maintained
at 34C for 24 hours while the positive control groups were
infected using similar routes but maintained at 28C and the
negative control was at 34C without infection. Samples from the
gills, brain, eyes and kidney were taken for bacterial isolation,
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histopathology and
immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results: Diseased fish showed skin haemorrhage, fin
haemorrhage and exophthalmia with more signs in IP route of
infection followed by IC and lastly IM at 34C. The bacteria were
isolated and detected with PCR in all the organs of fish from 4
hour post-challenge (hpc). The lesions were noticed earlier and
severe in heat stressed groups from 4 hpc with 50% mortality in IP
group while for all, the bacterium was isolated from 4 hpc in the
brain. IHC test also detected the antigen in the tissues as early
as 4 hpc with intense staining in the heat stressed group, IP
followed by IC and IM routes. Positive immunostaining were
observed in the thrombi, meningeal vessels, choroid and
interstitial haemorrhagic areas.
Conclusion: The severe lesions observed in the brain, eye
and kidney under heat stress reveals its contributory role to the
mortality pattern and severe pathological changes associated with
streptoco-ccosis in fish.
Keywords: heat stress, red hybrid tilapia, Streptococcus
agalactiae
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