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Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
Review (Published
online: 03-12-2013)
3. Genomic diversity among eastern and western
topotypes of bluetongue virus serotype 16 based on whole genome sequence
analysis - Sushila Maan, Arnab Ghosh, Kanisht Batra, Aman Kumar and
Narender Singh Maan
Veterinary World, 6(12): 960-962
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2013.960-962
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a noncontagious,
vector-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants. The causative
agent bluetongue virus (BTV) is a double stranded RNA virus
belonging to genus Orbivirus within family Reoviridae. Eradication
of BTV from endemic regions like India is not an easy task due to
the widely distributed Culicoides spp. midge vectors, the
ubiquitous distribution of vertebrate hosts and existence of a
large number of serotypes of the virus (at least 26 till date).
The complete genomes (19,193 base-pairs) of several strains of
bluetongue virus serotype 16 (BTV-16) originated from Australia,
China, Indian subcontinent, Mediterranean basin, Middle East,
Africa (Nigeria) and Europe, were compared. These analysis showed
that all ten genome segments of a Nigerian strain are derived from
a western lineage, showing only 77% - 84% nt identity with the
eastern topotype reference strain 'RSArrrr/16' (and its derivative
'RSAvvvv/16', a vaccine strain) that was originally isolated in
Pakistan, 76.4% - 83% with eastern BTV-16 strain from Australia
(DPP96) and 77% - 89% with a reassortant strain from India. These
detailed comparisons involving global strains showed that there is
a very high degree of variation (up to 24%) between BTV-16 strains
from eastern and western geographical regions. These data confirm
the value of whole genome sequencing for characterization of novel
BTV isolates and has helped to identify representative suitable
'reference-strain' of eastern topotype (BTV-16e), western topotype
(BTV-16w), as well as 'cross-topotype' reassortant strain
(BTV-16r) that are generated in the field for further serological,
phylogenetic and molecular epidemiology studies.
Key words: Bluetongue virus, BTV-16, eastern, Orbivirus,
reference strain, western, topotype, whole genome sequencing (WGS).
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