Veterinary World

 
ISSN (Online): 2231-0916
 

 Home

 Editorial board

 Instructions for authors

 Reviewer guideline

 Open access policy

 Archives

 FAQ

 

Open Access

Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

Research (Published online : 10-11-2013)

22. A study on helminthiasis of cattle herds in Kachia grazing reserve (KGR) of Kaduna state, Nigeria -

H. E. Nnabuife, A. D. Dakul, G. I. Dogo, O. K. Egwu, P. R. Weka, I. N. Ogo, E. O. Onovoh and B. O. Obaloto

Veterinary World, 6(11): 936-940

 

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.936-940

 

 

 

 

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of helminthes in cattle and treatment intervention strategy in Kachia Grazing Reserve (KGR).
Materials and Methods: A total of 3,651 cattle from 88 households were randomly selected, sampled and examined. The sampling was spread over three (3) periods; Pre-intervention (1,609), Intervention (1,525) and Post-intervention (517). Both physical examination and laboratory investigation were employed in the study.
Results: This study revealed the presence of different types of helminthes in the bovine population of the KGR which include the helminth eggs of Nematodes (Oesophagostomum radiatum, Bonustonum phlebotomum, Tricuris globulosa, Cooperia pectinita, Toxocara vitulorum, Strongiloides papillosus, Strogylus langamus), Cestodes (Moneizia benedeni) and Trematodes (Schistosoma bovis, Paramphistomum cervi, Fasciola gigantica) at different intervention periods, where by 820 (53.77%) were positive for pre- intervention, 946 (58.79%) positive for intervention and 205 (39.65%) were positive for post- intervention period. Among the eleven species of helminthes identified, P. cervi was the most prevalent in all the periods, followed by O. radiatum. The study also revealed that the cattle in the study area were infected with single and multiple infections. Furthermore, 498(32.66%), 585(36.36%) and 171(33.08%) of cattle for the pre- intervention, intervention and post- intervention periods, respectively had single infection. However, 305 (20%), 381 (23.68%) and 37 (7.16%) of the cattle for the three periods, respectively harbored multiple infections (polyparasitism) caused by two to six different parasites. The results also show that age was a factor in the abundance of the parasites in the cattle as parasites were demonstrated more in adult cattle than the young stock (calves and yearlings). Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence during the three periods.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that helminthes of cattle are common in KGR; hence there is a need for regular faecal examination and routine treatment of the herds instead of treating the individual cases.
Keywords: cattle, helminths, intervention, Kachia grazing reserve, Nigeria, pre-intervention, post-intervention

References

1. O. A. Lawal-Adebowale, (2012) Intech- Dynamics of Ruminant livestock management in the context of the Nigerian Agricultural System 4: 61-80.
 
2. Fabiyi, J.P. (1984) Coping with parasitic disease problem in Nigeria. Livestock Farmers Series 4: 13.
 
3. Tibbo, M., Aragaw, K., Teferi, M. and Haile, A. (2011) Effect of strategic helminthosis control on mortality of communally grazed Menz lambs of smallholders in the cool central Ethiopian highlands. Small Ruminant Research 90(1-3): 58-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.01.002
 
4. Bamaiyi, P. H. (2012) Factors militating against the control of helninthosis in livestock in developing countries. Veterinary World 5(1): 42-47.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2012.42-47
 
5. Keyyu, J.D., Mourad, J., Kursgarerd, N.C.A.A and Kassuku (2005) Epidemiology of Fasciola gigantica and Amphistomes in cattle on Traditional small-scale dairy and large scale dairy farms in the Southern Highland of Tanzania. Tropical Animal Health and production 37: 303-314.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-005-5688-7
PMid:15934638
 
6. Edosomwan, E. U. and Ewarami, T. J. (2012) Ticks and helminth parasites of Cattle at Ikpoba hill abattoir Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Biological and Enviromental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 9 (1): 179-183.
 
7. Vercruysse, J. and Clarebout, E. (2001) Treatment vs. non- treatment of helminth infections in cattle: Defining the thresholds. Veterinary Parasitology, 98: 195-214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00431-9
 
8. Bukhari, S., and Sanyal, P. K. (2011) Epidemiological Intelligence for Grazing Management in Strategic Control of Parasitic Gastroenteritis in Small Ruminants in India – A Review. Vet.World, 4(2): 92-96.
 
9. Ibrahim, M. A., Nwude, N., Aliu, Y. O. and Ogunsusi, R. A. (1983) Traditional concepts of disease and treatment among Fulani herdsmen in the Kaduna State of Nigeria. ODI Pastoral Network Paper 6C.
 
10. Aragaw, K., Teferi, M., Haile, A. and Tibbo, M. (2010) Effects of strategic helminthosis control on age at first lambing and lambing interval of communally grazed Menz ewes in Ethiopia. Livestock Science, 135(1): 38-43.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.005
 
11. Sargison, N. D. (2011) Pharmaceutical Control of Endoparasitic Helminth Infections in Sheep.Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 27(1): 139- 156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.10.014
PMid:21215898
 
12. Moore, L. S. P. and Chiodini, P. L. (2010) Tropical helminths. Medicine, 38(1), 47-51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2009.10.002
 
13. Roepstorff, A., Mejer, H., Nejsum, P. and Thamsborg, S. M. (2011) Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights. Vet. Parasitol., 180(1-2): 72-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.029
PMid:21684689
 
14. Chitra, R., Rajendran, S., Prasanna, D. and Kirubakaran, A. (2011) Influences of age on the prevalence of Parasitic infections among donkeys in Erode district, Tamilnadu, India. Vet. World, 4(6): 258-259.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.4.258
 
15. Radostits, O.M., Blood, D.C and Gay, C.C. (1994) Veterinary Medicine. A text book of the disease of cattle, sheep, pigs and horses, 8th edn. 1226-1235.
 
16. Magona J.W., Walubengo J. and Odimin J.T (2008) Acute haemorrhagic syndronae of bovine trypanosomoses in Uganda. Acta Tropica, 107(2): 186-191.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.05.019
PMid:18599006
 
17. Bizimenyera, E.S., Swan, G.E., Eloff, T.N., Meyer, S. and Naidoo, V. (2008) Efficacy of Peltophorum affricanum sond. (fabaceace) extracts on Haemonthus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. Journal of Animal and Veterinary advances, 7(4): 364-371.
 
18. Okali, C. and Sule, B (1980) The role of pastoralists' organizations in defining land use systems in Kaduna State. International Cmmunication, ILCA Subhumid Zone Program, Kaduna.
 
19. Kachia Grazing Reserve Administrative Census (2010) Summary of plans for Intergrated Control for Neglected Zoonosis (ICONZ) Nigeria Case Study.
 
20. Hansen, J. and Perry, B. (1990) The Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Gastro-intestinal Parasites of Ruminants in Africa. A Handbook, (ILRAD) Nairobi, Kenya, pp 25-50.
PMid:2296809
 
21. Soulsby E.J.W. (1982) Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7thEdn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia: Bailliere Tindall, London, pp. 212-258.
 
22. Sokal R.R. and Rohlf F.J. (2001) Biometry Freeman Publishers. 887pp.
 
23. Edosomwan, E. U. and Shoyemi, O.O. (2012) Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of cattle and goats slaughtered at abattoirs in Benin City, Nigeria. African Scientist. 13(2): 109-114.
 
24. Fuentes, M.V., Saez, S., Trelis, M., Galan-Puchades, M.T., Esteban, J.G. (2004) The helminth community of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, in the Sierra Espuna, Murda, Spain, Journal of Helminthology, 78(3):219-223.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/JOH2003226
PMid:15469624
 
25. Ibrahim, M.M., Al Ghamdi, M.A., Al Ghamdi and M.S. (2008) Helminthes community of Veterinary Importance of Livestock in Relation to Some Ecological and Biological Factors. Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 32: 42- 47.
PMid:18351550
 
26. Gupta, B.V. and Parshad S. Giraya (2004). Maturation of Paramphistomum cervi in sheep in India. Veterinary Parasitology, 15:239-245.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(84)90075-X
 
27. Sukhdeo, M. and Sukhdeo, S. (2004) Trematode behavior and perceptual worlds of parasites. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82: 292-315.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-212
 
28. Fakae, B. B. (1990) The epidemiology of helminthosis in small ruminants under the traditional husbandry system in eastern Nigeria. Veterinary Research Communication, 14 (5) : 381-391.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343216
PMid:2247944
 
29. Bhattacharya, D.K. and Ahmed, K. (2005) Prevalence of helminthic infection in cattle and buffaloes. Indian Veterinary Journal.82: 900 -901.
 
30. Fabiyi, J. P. (1973) Seasonal fluctuations of nematode infestations in goats in the Savannah Belt of Nigeria. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa, 21: 277-286.
 
31. Reddy, M. S. and Rao. B. S. (2011) Relationship between Affordability to pay for the Veterinary Services and profile characteristics of Dairy farmers. Veterinary World, 4(6): 266-268.