|
|
Veterinary World
|
ISSN (Online):
2231-0916 |
|
|
|
Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
Review
(Published
online : 04-07-2013)
10.
Does contemporary canine diet cause cancer? ; A review -
Joseph B Gentzel
Vet World. 2013; 6(9):
632-639
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2013.632-639
Abstract
Recent discoveries have discerned
the presence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their
impact on chronic diseases that include cancer in dogs. AGEs are
closely allied with chronic systemic inflammation (metaflammation).
These two occurrences are observed in many cancers in both humans
and dogs. AGEs are exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous AGEs occur
from, among other causes, ingestion of food that is affected by
the Maillard reaction in its preparation. The result is an
accumulation of AGEs and progressive metaflammation that is linked
with many cancers in both humans and dogs. Aspects of AGE
ingestion and formation are reviewed in association with the
contemporary canine diet that is primarily a kibbled meal based
diet. A novel canine diet paradigm is offered as one that
diminishes the AGE/ metaflammation axis. This is proposed to be
less carcinogenic than the current canine diet in use by much of
the civilized world. The proposed paradigm is a unique approach
that offers opportunities to be tested for AGE and metaflammation
accumulation that results in diminished prevalence and incidence
of cancer in dogs. The paradigm diet is suggested as a prevention,
treatment, and recovery aide from cancer.
Keywords: advanced glycation end products, cancer, canine
diet, dogs, inflammation, maillard reaction
|
|
References
|
1. Murua Escobar, H., Soller, J., Sterenczak, K., Sperveslage,
J., Schlueter, C., Burchardt, B., Eberle, N., Fork, M., Nimzyk,
R., Winkler, S., Nolte, I. and Bullerdiek, J. (2006) Cloning and
characterization of the canine receptor for advanced glycation
end products. Gene. 369:45-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.10.015
PMid:16325354 |
|
2. Sterenczak, K., Willenbrock, S., Barann, M., Klemke, M.,
Soller, J., Eberle, N., Nolte, I., bullerdiek, J. and Murua
Escobar, H. (2009) Cloning, characterisation, and comparative
quantitative expression analyses of receptor for advanced
glycation end products (RAGE) transcript forms. Gene.
434(1-2):35-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.027
PMid:19061941 |
|
3. De Marzo, A., Coffey, D. and Nelson, W. (1999) New concepts
in tissue specificity for prostate cancer and benigh prostatic
hyperplasia. Urology. 53(Suppl 3a):29-39.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00536-6 |
|
4. Miya, K., Misumi, K., Miyoshi, N., Aria, K., Fujik, M.,
Kubota, C., Salamoto, H. (2005)Interpreting gelatinase activity
in tumor tissue and serum as a prognostic marker of naturally
developing canine tumors. J Vet Med Sci. 67(8): 769-775.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.67.769
PMid:16141663 |
|
5. Arulselvan, P., Wen, C.C., Lan, C.W., Chen, Y.H., Wei, W.C.
and Yang, N.S. (2012) Dietary Administration of Scallion Extract
Effectively Inhibits Colorectal Tumor Growth: Cellular and
Molecular Mechanisms in Mice. PLoS One. 7(9):e44658.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044658
PMid:23024755 PMCid:PMC3443092 |
|
6. Mederle, O., Mederie, N., Bocan, E., Ceausu, R. and Raica, M.
VEGF (2010) expression in dog mastocytoma. Rev Med Chir Soc Med
Nat Iasi. 114(1):185-188.
PMid:20509299 |
|
7. Kumar, V. (2012) Adenosine as an endogenous immunoregu- lator
in cancer pathogenesis: where to go? Purinegic Signal.
9(2):145-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11302-012-9349-9
PMid:23271562 PMCid:PMC3646124 |
|
8. Lowe, B. and Storkun, W. (2011) Chronic inflammation and
immunologic-based constraints in malignant disease.
Immunotherapy. 3(10):1265-1274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/imt.11.113
PMid:21995576 PMCid:PMC3225121 |
|
9. Scrivo, R., Vasile, M., Bartosiewicz, I. and Valesini, G.
(2011) Inflammation as "common soil" of the multifactorial
diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 10(7):369-374.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.006
PMid:21195808 |
|
10. Sethl, G., Shanmugam, M., Ramachandran, L., Kumar, A. and
Terganonkar V. (2012) Multifaceted link between cancer and
inflammation. Biosci Rep. 32(1):1-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20100136
PMid:21981137 |
|
11. Stix, G. A. (2007) malignant flame. Understanding chronic
inflammation, which contributes to heart disease, Alzheimer's
and a variety of other ailments, may be a key to unlocking the
mysteries of cancer. Sci Am. 297(1):60-67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0707-60
PMid:17695843 |
|
12. Egger, G. (2011) Obesity, Chronic Disease, and Economic
Growth: A Case for "Big Picture" Prevention. Advances in
Preventive Medicine. 26 (10): 149-158. |
|
13. Zoran, D. (2010) Obesity in dogs and cats: a metabolic and
endocrine disorder. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.
417-418:183-188. |
|
14. Hickman, M. (1998) Interventional nutrition for gastro-
intestinal disease. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 13(4):211- 216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1096-2867(98)80005-4 |
|
15. Johnson, P. (2010) Dogs in Biomedical research. [Lecture].
http://www.uac.arizona.edu/vsc443/dogmodel/10_dog_as_models_lect.pdf.
Accessed December 28, 2012. |
|
16. Kozak, L., Koza, R. and Anunciado-Koza, R. (2010) Brown fat
thermogenesis and body weight regulation in mice: relevance to
humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 34(Suppl 1):S23-27.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.179
PMid:20935661 |
|
17. Tvarijonaviciute, A., Ceron, J., Holden, S., Cuthbertson,
D., Biourge, V., Morris, P. and German, A. (2012) Obesity-
related metabolic dysfunction in dogs: a comparison with human
metabolic syndrome. BMC Vet Res. 8(1):147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-147
PMid:22929809 PMCid:PMC3514388 |
|
18. Hill, R. (2009) Conference on "Multidisciplinary approaches
to nutritional problems". Symposium on "Nutrition and health".
Nutritional theapies to improve health: lessons from companion
animals. Proc Nutr Soc. 68(1):98-102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665108008835
PMid:19040782 |
|
19. Rowell, J., McCarthy, D. and Alvarez, C. (2011) Dog Models
of naturally occurring cancer. Trends Mol Med. 17(7):380- 388.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2011.02.004
PMid:21439907 PMCid:PMC3130881 |
|
20. Salminen, A., Kaarniranta, K. and Kauppinen, A. (2012)
Inflammaging:disturbed interplay between autophagy and
inflammasomes. Aging (Albany NY). 4(3):166-175. |
|
21. Weber K, Schmahl W. and Munch G. (1998) Distribution of
advanced glycation end products in the cerebellar neurons of
dogs. Brain Res. 791(1-2):11-17.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01421-2 |
|
22. Yuki, M., Itoh, H. and Takase, K. (2010) Serum alpha-1-acid
glycoprotein concentration in clinically healthy puppies and
adult dogs and in dogs with various diseases. Vet Clin Pathol.
39(1):65-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00181.x
PMid:19761561 |
|
23. Murua Escobar, H., Meher, B., Richter, A., Becker, K., Flohr,
A., Bullerdiek, J. and Nolte, I. (2003) Molecular charac-
terization of the canine HMGB1. Cytogenet Genome Res.
101(1):33-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073415
PMid:14571134 |
|
24. Gil, A., Olza, J., Gil-Campos, M., Gomez-Llorente, C. and
Aquilera, C. (2011) Is adipose tissue metabolically different at
different sites? Int J Pediatr Obes. 6(Suppl 1):13-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17477166.2011.604326
PMid:21905811 |
|
25. Cook, A. and Cowan, C. (2008-2009) Adipose. Stembook
[Internet].2008-2009. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20614613.
Accessed Jan 7, 2013. |
|
26. Tetè, S., Nicoletti, M., Saggini, A., Maccauro, G., Rosati,
M., Conti, F., Cianchetti, E., Tripodi, D., Toniato, E.,
Fulcheri, M., Salini, V., Caraffa, A., Antinolfi, P., Frydas,
S., Pandolfi, F., Conti, P. and Potalivo, G. (2012)Nutrition and
cancer prevention. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 25(3):573-581.
PMid:23058007 |
|
27. Gugliucci, A., Kotani, K., Taing, J., Matsuoka, Y., Sano,
Y., Yoshimura, M., Egawa, K., Horikawa, C., Kitagawa, Y., Kiso,
Y., Kimura, S. and Sakane, N. (2009) Short-Term Low Calorie Diet
Intervention Reduces Serum Advanced Glycation End Products in
Healthy Overweight or Obese Adults. Annals of Nutrition &
Metabolism. 54(3):197-201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000217817
PMid:19420913 |
|
28. Tsukahara, H., Ohta, N., Sato, S., Hiraoka, M., Shukunami,
K., Uchiyama, M., Kawakami, H., Sekine, K. and Mayumi, M. (2004)
Concentrations of pentosidine, an advanced glycaiton
end-product, in umbilical cord blood. Free Radic Res.
38(7):691-695.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1071576042000220256
PMid:15453634 |
|
29. Heerwagen, M., Miller, M., Barbour, L. and Friedman, J.
(2010) Maternal obesity and fetal metabolic programming: a
fertile epigenetic soil. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
299(3):R711-722.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00310.2010
PMid:20631295 PMCid:PMC2944425 |
|
30. Koletzko, B., Brands, B., Poston, L., Godfrey, K. and
Demmelmair, H. (2012) Early nutrition programming of long-term
health. Proc Nutr Soc. 18:1-8. |
|
31. Reik, W., Dean, W. and Walter, J. (2001) Epigenetic repro-
gramming in mammalian development. Science. 293 (5532):
1089-1093.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1063443
PMid:11498579 |
|
32. Cinti, S. (2011) Between brown and white: novel aspects of
adipocyte differentiation. Ann Med. 43(2):104-115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853890.2010.535557
PMid:21254898 |
|
33. Nikoopoulos, D., Theocharis, S. and Kouraklis G. Ghrelin
(2010) a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Requl Pept.
163(1-3):7-17. |
|
34. Sparkes, A. (2011) Feeding old cats--an update on new
nutritional therapies. Top Companion Anim Med. 26(1):37- 42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2011.01.006
PMid:21435625 |
|
35. Bagnell, C., Steinetz, B. and Bartol, F. (2009) Milk-borne
relaxin and the lactocrine hypothesis for materman programming
of neonatal tissues. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1160: 152-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03834.x
PMid:19416178 |
|
36. Yamagishi, S., Ueda, S. and Okuda, S. (2007) Food-derived
advanced glycation end products (AGEs): a novel therapeutic
target for various disorders. Curr Pharm Des. 13(27):2832- 2836.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207781757051
PMid:17897026 |
|
37. German, A., Ryan, V., German, A., Wood, I. and Trayburn, P.
(2010) Obesity, its associated disorders and the role of
inflammatory adipokines in companion animals. Vet J. 185
(1):4-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.004
PMid:20472476 |
|
38. Birlouez-Aragon, I., Morales, F., Fogliano, V. and Pain, J.
(2010) The health and technological implications of a better
control of neoformed contaminants by the food industry. Pathol
Biol 58(3):232-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2009.09.015
PMid:19906499 |
|
39. Uribarri, J., Woodruff, S., Goodman, S., Cai, W., Chen, X.,
Pyzik, R., Yong, A., Striker, G. and Vlassara, H. (2010)
Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide
to their reduction in the diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 110(6):
911-916, e912. |
|
40. Perez-Calvo, E., Castrillo, C., Baucells, M. and Guada, J.
(2010) Effect of rendering on protein and fat quality of animal
by-products. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 94(5):e154- 163.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.00998.x
PMid:20579181 |
|
41. Delgado-Andrade, C., Rufian-Herares, J., Nieto, R., Aquilera,
J., Navarro, M. and Seiquer, I. (2010) Does the pelleting
process affect the nutritive value of a pre-starter diet for
sucking piglets? Ex vivo studies on mineral absorption. J Sci
Food Agric. 90(5):898-905.
PMid:20355128 |
|
42. Stadler, R., Blank, I., Varga, N., Robert, F., Hau, J., Guy,
P., Robert, M. and Riediker, S. (2002) Acrylamide from Maillard
reaction products. Nature. 419(6906):449-450.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419449a
PMid:12368845 |
|
43. Friedman, M. and Levin, C. (2008) Review of methods for the
reduction of dietary content and toxicity of acrylamide. J Agric
Food Chem. 56(15):6113-6140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0730486
PMid:18624452 |
|
44. Tareke, E., Rydberg, P., Karlsson, P. and Tornqvist, M.
(2002) Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated
foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem. 50(17):4998-5006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020302f
PMid:12166997 |
|
45. Semba, R., Nicklett, E. and Ferrucci, L. (2010) Does
accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to
the aging phenotype? J Gerontol 65(9):963-975. |
|
46. Sterenczak, K, Nolte, I. and Escobar, H. (2013) RAGE
Splicing Variants in Mammals. In: Heizmann CW, ed.
Calcium-Binding Proteins and RAGE. Vol 963: Humana Press.
pp.265-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-230-8_16
PMid:23296616 |
|
47. Luevano-Contreras, C. and Chapman-Novakofski, K. (2010)
Dietary advanced glycation end products and aging. Nutrients.
2(12):1247-1265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu2121247
PMid:22254007 PMCid:PMC3257625 |
|
48. Uribarri, J., Cai, W., Sandu, O., Peppa, M., Goldberg, T.
and Vlassara, H. (2005) Diet-derived advanced glycaiton end
products are major contributors to the body's AGE pool and
induce inflammation in healthy subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1043:461-466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1333.052
PMid:16037267 |
|
49. Tessier, F. and Birlouez-Aragon, I. (2012) Health effects of
dietary Maillard reaction products: the results of ICARE and
other studies. Amino Acids. 42(4):1119-1131.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0776-z
PMid:20949364 |
|
50. Song, F. and Schmidt, A. (2012) Glycation and insulin
resistance: novel mechanisms and unique targets? Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol. 32(8):1760-1765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.241877
PMid:22815341 |
|
51. Ramasamy, R., Yan, S. and Schmidt, A. (2012) Advanced
glycation endproducts: from precursors to RAGE: round and round
we go. Amino Acids. 42(4):1151-1161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0773-2
PMid:20957395 PMCid:PMC3062728 |
|
52. Goldin, A., Beckman, J.A., Schmidt, A.M. and Creager, M.A.
(2006) Advanced Glycation End Products: Sparking the Development
of Diabetic Vascular Injury. Circulation. 114 (6):597-605.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.621854
PMid:16894049 |
|
53. Negre-Salvayre, A., Coatrieux, C., Inguerneau, C. and
Salvayre, R. (2008) Advanced lipid peroxidation end products in
oxidative damage to proteins. Potential role in diseases and
therapeutic prospects for the inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol.
153(1):6-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0707395
PMid:17643134 PMCid:PMC2199390 |
|
54. Giunta, B., Fernadndez, F., Nikolic, W., Obregon, D., Rrapo,
E., Town, T. and Tan, J. (2008)Inflammaging as a prodrome to
Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation. 5: 51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-5-51
PMid:19014446 PMCid:PMC2615427 |
|
55. Egger, G. and Dixon, J. (2009) Obesity and chronic disease;
always offender or often just accomplice? Br J Nutr. 102 (8):
1238-1242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509371676
PMid:19445817 |
|
56. Laflamme, D. (2012) Companion Animals Symposium: Obesity in
dogs and cats: what is wrong with being fat? J Anim Sci.
90(5):1653-1662.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4571
PMid:21984724 |
|
57. Cave, N. (2003) Chronic inflammatory disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract of companion animals. N Z Vet J. 51 (6):
262-274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2003.36380
PMid:16032340 |
|
58. Goldberg, T., Cai, W., Peppa, M, Dardaine V, Baliga B,
Uribarri J, Vlassara H. (2004) Advanced glycoxidation end
products in commonly consumed foods. J Am Diet Assoc.
104(8):1287-1291.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.05.214
PMid:15281050 |
|
59. Asif, M., Egan, J., Vasan, S., Jyothirmayi, G.N., Masurekar,
M.R., Lopez, S., Williams, C., Torres, R.L., Wagle, D., Ulrich,
P., Cerami, A., Brines, M. and Regan, T.J. (2000) An advanced
glycaiton endproduct cross-link breaker can reverse age-related
increases in myocardial stiffness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
97(14):2809-2813.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040558497
PMid:10706607 PMCid:PMC16011 |
|
60. Graeber, M., Li, W. and Rodriques, M. (2011) Role of
microglia in CNS inflammation. FEBS Lett. 585(23):3798- 3805.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.033
PMid:21889505 |
|
61. Macaulay, R., Akbar, A. and Hensen, S. (2012) The role
of the T cell in age-related inflammation. Age .
35(3):563-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-012-9381-2
PMid:22252437 |
|
|
62. Neuhouser, M.L., Schwarz, Y., Wang, C., Breymeyer, K.,
Coronado, G., Wang, C.Y., Noar, K., Song, X. and Lampe, J.W.
(2012) A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Reduces Serum C- Reactive
Protein and Modestly Increases Adiponectin in Overweight and
Obese Adults. The Journal of Nutrition. 142(2):369-374.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.149807
PMid:22190020 PMCid:PMC3260063 |
|
|
63. Ogilvie, G. (1998) Interventional nutrition for the
cancer patient. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 13(4):224-231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1096-2867(98)80007-8 |
|
|
64. Massimino, S., McBurney, M., Field, C., Thomson, A.,
Keelan, M., Hayek, M. and Sunvoid, G. (1998) Fermentable
dietary fiber increases GLP-1 secretion and improves glucose
homeostasis despite increased intestinal glucose transport
capacity in healthy dogs. J Nutr. 128(10): 1786- 1793.
PMid:9772150 |
|
|
65. Rose, D., DeMeo, M., Keshavarzian, A. and Hamaker, B.
(2007) Influence of dietary fiber on inflammatory bowel
disease and colon cancer importance of fermentation pattern.
Mutr Rev. 65(2):51-62. |
|
|
66. Silvio, J., Harmon, D., Gross, K. and McLeod, K. (2000)
Influence of fiber fermentability on nutrient digestion in
the dog. Nutrition. 16(4):289-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00298-1 |
|
|
67. Ogilvie, G., Fettman, M., Mallinckrodt, C., Walton, J.,
Hansen, R., Davenport, D., Gross, K., Richardson, K.,
Rogers, Q. and Hand, M. (2000) Effect of fish oil, arginine,
and doxorubicin chemotherapy on remission and survival time
for dogs with lymphoma: a souble-blind, randomized
placebo-controlled study. Cancer. Apr 88 (8): 1916-1928. |
|
|
|
|
|
68. Chua, W., Clarke, S. and Charles, K. (2012) Systemic
inflammation and prediction of chemotherapy outcomes in
patients receiving docetaxel for advanced cancer. Support
Care Cancer. 20(8):1869-1874.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1289-3
PMid:21986674 |
|
|
69. Kim, M., Kim, K., Han, J., Lim, J. and Song, Y. (2011)
Modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by
phytochemicals in ovarian cancer. Genes Nutr. 6(2):109- 115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12263-011-0209-y
PMid:21484164 PMCid:PMC3092902 |
|
|
70. Kuniyasu, H., Oue, N., Wakikawa, A., Shigeishi, H.,
Matsutani, N., Kuraoka, K., Ito, R., Yokozaki, H. and Yasui,
W. (2002) Expression of receptors for advanced glycation
end-products (RAGE) is closely associated with the invasive
and metastatic activity of gastric cancer. The Journal of
Pathology. 196(2):163-170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.1031
PMid:11793367 |
|
|
71. Stehno-Bittel, L. (2008) Intricacies of fat. Phys Ther.
88 (11): 1268-1278.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080034
PMid:18801855 |
|
|
72. Ryan, V., German, A., Wood, I., Hunter, L., Morris, P.
and Trayhurn, P. (2010) Adipokine expression and secretion
by canine adipocytes: stimulation of inflammatory adipokine
production by LPS and TNFalpha. Pflugers Arch. 460 (3):
603-616.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0845-x
PMid:20473515 |
|
|
73. Burns, P. A. (2011) Brief History of Dog Food. In: Burns
P, ed. Terrierman's Daily Dose. Vol 2011. Aug 9, 2008 ed.
Arlington, VA2008. |
|
|
|
|
|
74. Hill, S.R. (2010) Changing the metabolism of dogs (canis
familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) at rest and during
exercise by manipulation of dietary macronutrients.
Palmerston North, New Zealand: Nutritional Science, Massey
University. |
|
|
75. Adler, C.J., Dobney, K., Weyrich, L.S., Kaidonis, J.,
Walker, A.W., Haak, W., Bradshaw, C.J.A., Townsend, G.,
Soltysiak, A., Alt, K.W., Parkhill, J. and Cooper, A. (2013)
Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in
oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and
Industrial revolutions. Nat Genet. 45(4):450-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2536
PMid:23416520 |
|
|
76. Adler, C.J., Haak, W., Donlon, D. and Cooper, A. (2011)
Survival and recovery of DNA from ancient teeth and bones.
Journal of Archaeological Science. 38(5):956-964.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.11.010 |
|
|
77. Simopoulos, A. (2009) A Balanced Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty
Acid Ratio, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease. 100: 1-
2. |
|
|
78. Simopoulos, A. (2008) The importance of the omeaga-6/
omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and the
other chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 233(6):
674-688.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/0711-MR-311
PMid:18408140 |
|
|
79. Egger, G. (2012) In search of a germ theory equivalent
for chronic disease. Prev Chronic Dis. 9:E95.
PMid:22575080 PMCid:PMC3431950 |
|
|
80. Egger, G. and Dixon, J. (2010) Inflammatory effects of
nutritional stimuli: further support for the need for a big
picture approach to tackling obesity and chronic disease.
Obes Rev. 11(2):137-149.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00644.x
PMid:19656309 |
|
|
81. O'Connor, J., Stowe, C. and Robinson, R. (1985) Fate of
sodium pentobarbital in rendered products. Am J Vet Res.
48(8): 1721-1724. |
|
|
82. Myers, M. (2004) CVM Scientists develop PCR test to
determine source of animal products in feed, pet food.
Veterinarian Newsletter [Online] http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/FDAVeterinarianNewsletter/ucm093929.htm.
Accessed December 27, 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
83. Taylor, D. and Woodgate, S. (2003) Rendering practices
and inactivation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
agents. Rev Sci Tech. 22(1):297-310.
PMid:12793787 |
|
|
84. USDA. (2011) BSE and the safety of pets. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy/ucm142819.htm.
Accessed December 28, 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
85. http://message.snopes.com/showthread.php?t=6517.
Accessed December 30, 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86. CDC (2012) Human Salmonella Infantis infections linked
to dry dog food- United States and Canada, 2012. Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 61(23):436.
PMid:22695384 |
|
|
87. Case, L. (2005) Nutrient requirements of the dog. The
Dog: Its behaviror, nutrition and health. 2nd ed. Iowa, USA:
Blackwell Publishing Professional. |
|
|
88. CEBM (2009) Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine -
Levels of Evidence. http://www.cebm.net/ index. aspx? o=
1025. Accessed December 27, 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
89. Bosch, G., Pellikaan, W., Rutten, G., van der Poel, A.,
Verstegen, M. and Hendriks, W. (2008) Comparative in vitro
fermentation activity in the canine distal gastrointestinal
tract and fermentation kinetics of fiber sources. J Anim Sci.
86(11):2979-2989.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0819
PMid:18599660 |
|
|
90. Adolphe, J., Drew, M., Huang, Q., Silver, T. and Weber,
L. (2012) Postprandial impairment of flow-mediated dilation
and elevated methylglyoxal after simple but not comples
carohydrate consumption in dogs. Nutr Res. 32(4):278-284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.002
PMid:22575041 |
|
|
91. http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/Glycemic_index_and_glycemic_load_for_100_foods.htm.
Accessed February 19, 2013. |
|
|
|
|
|
92. Hu, J., La Vecchia, C., Augustin, L., Negri, E., de
Groh, M., Morrison, H. and Mery, L. (2013) Gyycemic index,
glycemic load and cancer risk. Ann Oncol. 24(1):245-251.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds235
PMid:22831983 |
|
|
93. Barclay, A., Petocz, P., McMillan-Price, J., Flood, V.,
Prvan, T., Mitchell, P., Brand-Miller, J. (2008) Glycemic
index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk--a
meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr.
87(3):627-637.
PMid:18326601 |
|
|
94. Brownlee, I., Moore, C., Chatfield, M., Richardson, D.,
Ashby, P., Kuznesof, S., Jebb, S. and Seal, C. (2010)
Markers of cardiovascular risk are not changed by increased
whole- grain intake: Whole heart study, a randomised,
controlled dietary intervention. Br J Nutr. 104(1):125-134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510000644
PMid:20307353 PMCid:PMC3501710 |
|
|
95. Nachman, K., Raber, G., Francesconi, K., Navas-Acien, A.
and Love, D. (2012) Arsenic species in poultry feather meal.
Sci Total Environ. 417-418. |
|
|
96. Lasekan, A., Abu Bakar, F. and Hashim, D. (2012)
Potential of chicken by-products as sources of useful
biological resources. Waste Manag. pil:
S0956-053X(12):00367-00364. |
|
|
|
|
|
97. Lasky, T., Sun, W., Kadry, A. and Hoffman, M. (2004)
Mean total arsenic concentrations in chicken 1989-2000 and
estimated exposures for consumers of chicken. Environ Health
Perspect. 112(1):18-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6407
PMid:14698925 PMCid:PMC1241791 |
|
|
98. Magos, L. (1991) Epidemiological and experimental
aspects of metal carcinogenesis: physicochemical properties,
kinetics, and the active species. Environ Health Perspect.
95:157-189.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9195157
PMid:1821370 PMCid:PMC1568407 |
|
|
99. http://www.vetdepot.com/increase-chronic-diseases-infographic.html.
Accessed December 27, 2012, 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
100. Clutton-Brock, J. (1977) Man-made dogs. Science. 197
(4311):1340-1342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.197.4311.1340
PMid:17746990 |
|
|
101. Li, W., Li, V., Hutnik, M. and Chiou, A. (2012) Tumor
angiogenesis as a target for dietary cancer prevention. J
Oncol. 2012:879623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/879623
PMid:21977033 PMCid:PMC3184418 |
|
|
102. Aggarwal, B., Ichikawa, H., Garodia, P., Weerasinghe,
P., Sethi, G., Bhatt, I., Pandey, M., Shishodia, S. and
Nair. M. (2006) From traditional Ayurvedic medicine to
modern medicine: identification of therapeutic targets for
suppression of inflammation and cancer. Expert Opin Ther
Targets. 10(1):89-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14728222.10.1.87
PMid:16441231 |
|
|
103. Krol, M., Pawlowski, K., Majchrzak, K., Gajewska, M.,
Majewska, A. and Motyl, T. (2012) Global gene expression
profiles of canine macrophages and canine mammary cancer
cells grown as a co-culture in vitro. BMC Veterinary
Research. 8(1):16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-16
PMid:22353646 PMCid:PMC3315417 |
|
|
104. Sterenczak, K.A., Willenbrock, S., Barann, M., Klemke,
M., Soller, J.T., Eberle, N., Nolte, I., Bullerdiek, J. and
Escobar, H.M. (2009) Cloning, characterisation, and
comparative quantitative expression analyses of receptor for
advanced glycation end products (RAGE) transcript forms.
Gene. 434 (1–2):35-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.027
PMid:19061941 |
|
|
105. Schmidt, A.M., Yan, S.D., Yan, S.F. and Stern, D.M.
(2000) The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation
end products and its ligands. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
(BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1498(2–3):99-111. |
|
|
106. Chase, D., McLauchlan, G., Eckersall, P.D., Parkin, T.,
Pratschke, K. and Pratschke, J. (2013) Acute phase protein
levels in dogs with mast cell tumours and sarcomas.
Veterinary Record. 170(25):648.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.100401
PMid:22659923 |
|
|
107. Wolfesberger, B., Hoelzl, C., Walter, I., Reider, G.A.,
Fertl, G., Thalhammer, J.G., Skalicky, M. and Egerbacher, M.
(2006) In vitro effects of meloxicam with or without
doxorubicin on canine osteosarcoma cells. Journal of
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 29(1):15-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00704.x
PMid:16420297 |
|
|
108. Zuccari, D., Castro, R., Gelaleti, G. and Mancini, U.
(2011) Interleukin-8 expression associated with canine
mammary tumors. Genet Mol Res. 10(3):1522-1532.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol10-3gmr1145
PMid:21863548 |
|
|
109. Willenbrock, S., Braun, O., Baumgart, J., Lange, S.,
Junghanss, C., Heisterkamp, A., Nolte, I., Bullerdiek, J.,
Murua Escobar, H. (2012) TNF-a induced secretion of HMGB1
from non-immune canine mammary epithelial cells (MTH53A).
Cytokine. 57(2):210-220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2011.11.011
PMid:22154216 |
|
|
110. Tamburini, B., Phang, T., Fosmire, S., Scott, M.,
Trapp, S., Duckett, M., Robinson, S., Slansky, J., Sharkey,
L., Cutter, G., Wojcieszyn, J., Bellgrau, D., Gemmill, R.,
Hunter, L. and Modiano, J. (2010) Gene expression profiling
identifies inflammation and angiogenesis as distinguishing
features of canine hemangiosarcoma. BMC Cancer. 10(1):619.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-619
PMid:21062482 PMCid:PMC2994824 |
|
|
111. Brunker, J. and Hoover, J. (2007) B-cell lymphoma in a
dog with ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) and systemic
histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum). Can Vet J. 48(3):
292-295.
PMid:17436907 PMCid:PMC1800954 |
|
|
112. Sterenczk, K. A., Kleinschmidt, S., Wefstaedt, P.,
Eberle, N., Hewicker-Trautwein, M., Bullerdiek, J., Nolte,
I. and Escobar, M. (2011) Quantitative PCR and
Immunohistoche- mical Analyses of HMGB1 and RAGE Expression
in Canine Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma (Malignant
Histiocytosis). Anticancer Research. 31(5):1541-1548. |
|
|
113. Sterenczk, K. A., Joetzke, A.E., Willenbrock, S.,
Eberle, N., Lange, S., Junghanss, C., Nolete, I., Bullerdiek,
J. Simon, D. and Escobar, H.M. (2010) High-mobility Group B1
(HMGB1) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End- products
(RAGE) Expression in Canine Lymphoma. Anticancer Research.
30(12):5043-5048. |
|
|
114. Wilson, H., Chadalapaka, G., Jutooru, I., Sheppard, S.,
Pfent, C. and Safe, S. (2012) Effect of Tolfenamic Acid on
Canine Cancer Cell Proliferation, Specificity Protein (Sp)
Transcription Factors, and Sp-Regulated Proteins in Canine
Osteosarcoma, Mammary Carcinoma, and Melanoma Cells. Journal
of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 26(4):977-986.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00931.x
PMid:22536857 |
|
|
115. Mercer, N., Ahmed, H., Etcheverry, S., Vasta, G. and
Cortizo, A. (2007) Regulation of advanced glycation end
product (AGE) receptors and apoptosis by AGEs in osteoblast-like
cells. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 306(1-2):87-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-007-9557-8
PMid:17660952 |
|
|
116. Mercer, N., Ahmed, H., McCarthy, A., Etcheverry S,
Vasta G. and Cortizo A. (2004)AGE-R3/galectin-3 expression
in osteoblast-like cells: regulation by AGEs. Mol Cell
Biochem. 266(1-2):17-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MCBI.0000049128.71095.ac
PMid:15646023 |
|
|
117. Misdorp, W. (2004) Mast cells and canine mast cell
tumours. A review. Veterinary Quarterly. 26(4):156-169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2004.9695178
PMid:15663212 |
|
|
118. Yoshimaru, T., Suzuki, Y., Inoue, T., Nishida, S. and
Ra, C. (2008) Extracellular superoxide released from
mitochondria mediates mast cell death by advanced glycation
end products. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) -
Molecular Cell Research. 1783(12):2332-2343. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|