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Research
(Published
online: 04-07-2014)
3.
Isolation and characterization of Newcastle disease virus from
vaccinated commercial layer chicken
- P. Balachandran, P.
Srinivasan, S. Sivaseelan, G. A. Balasubramaniam and T. R. Gopala
Krishna Murthy
Veterinary World, 7(7): 457-462
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2014.457-462
P. Balachandran:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and
Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India; balaavg@yahoo.co.in
P. Srinivasan: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance
Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal,
Tamil Nadu, India; srinipat2004@yahoo.com
S. Sivaseelan: Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu,
India; pathologysiva@yahoo.co.in
G. A. Balasubramaniam: Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu,
India; gabalasubramaniam@gmail.com
T. R. Gopala Krishna Murthy: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and
Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research
Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India; gkmurthy_in @ yahoo.com
Received: 11-04-2014, Revised: 31-05-2014, Accepted: 03-06-2014,
Published online: 04-07-2014
Corresponding author: P. Srinivasan, email:
srinipat2004@yahoo.com
Abstract
Aim: Newcastle disease (ND)
is an infectious, highly contagious and destructive viral disease
of poultry and controlled by vaccination. In spite of vaccination,
incidence of ND was reported in commercial layers with
gastrointestinal lesions. This study was undertaken to assess the
prevalence and pathotypes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
involved in gastrointestinal tract abnormalities of vaccinated
commercial layer chicken of Namakkal region for a period of three
years from 2008 and 2011.
Materials and Methods: Pooled tissue (trachea, lung,
spleen, proventriculus, intestine and caecal tonsils) samples
collected from dead birds on postmortem examination from 100 layer
flocks above 20 weeks of age with gastrointestinal lesions were
subjected to isolation of NDV in embryonated specific pathogen
free (SPF) chicken eggs. Mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral
pathogenicity index of the isolates were characterized. Flock
details were collected from NDV positive flocks to assess the
prevalence and impact of NDV on vaccinated commercial layer
chicken.
Results: Among the 100 flocks examined Newcastle disease
virus was detected in 14 flocks as a single infection and 10
flocks as combined infections with worm infestation, necrotic
enteritis and coccidiosis. Chicken embryo mean death time (MDT)
and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) values ranged from
50.4 to 96.0 hrs and from 0.650 to 1.675 respectively. Affected
birds showed anorexia, diarrohea and drop in egg production.
Macropathologically, matting of vent feathers, petechial
haemorrhage on the tip of proventricular papilla, caecal tonsils
and degeneration of ovarian follicles were noticed. The incidence
of ND was most commonly noticed in 20-50 wk of age and between the
months of September to November. Morbidity rate varied from 5% to
10% in the NDV alone affected flocks and 5 to 15% in NDV with
other concurrent infections. Egg production drop from the expected
level ranged between 3 to 7 % in ND and 5 to 10 % in concurrent
infections. Average mortality in NDV and concurrently affected (NDV
and Coccidiosis) flocks were 2.89% and 3.50 % respectively.
Conclusion: The present study revealed 24 % of
gastrointestinal tract abnormalities in commercial layer chicken
were caused by various pathotypes of Newcastle disease virus. The
virus caused the disease as single and concurrently with other
diseases. Vaccination minimized the clinical manifestation and
lesions even in velogenic virus affected flocks.
Keywords: commercial layer chicken, Newcastle disease
virus, pathology, prevalence.
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