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Research
(Published
online: 12-10-2014)
9.
Chemical composition, anti-oxidative
activity and in vitro dry matter degradability of Kinnow
mandarin fruit waste -
Ravleen Kour, Ankur
Rastogi, R. K. Sharma, Arvind Kumar and Pratiksha Raghuwanshi
Veterinary World, 7(10): 803-806
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2014.803-806
Ravleen Kour:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and
Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University Agriculture Sciences
and Technology of Jammu, R S Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir,
India; dr.ravkour@gmail.com
Ankur Rastogi:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and
Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University Agriculture Sciences
and Technology of Jammu, R S Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir,
India; dr_ankur76@rediffmail.com
R.
K. Sharma:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and
Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University
Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R S Pura, Jammu,
Jammu and Kashmir, India; rksann@rediffmail.com
Arvind Kumar:
Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary
Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University
Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R S Pura, Jammu,
Jammu and Kashmir, India; drarvindlpt@gmail.com
Pratiksha Raghuwanshi: Division of Veterinary Physiology and
Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry,
Sher-e-Kashmir University Agriculture Sciences and Technology of
Jammu, R S Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
pratiksha.rastogi@gmail.com
Received:
16-06-2014, Revised: 02-09-2014, Accepted: 09-09-2014, Published
online: 12-10-2014
Corresponding author:
Ankur Rastogi, e-mail: dr_ankur76@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Aim: Fruit processing and consumption yield a significant
amount of by-products as waste, which can be used as potential
nutrient suppliers for livestock. “Kinnow” (Citrus nobilis
Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) is one of the most
important citrus fruit crops of North Indian States. Its residues
are rich in carbohydrates but poor in protein and account for
approximately 55-60% of the raw weight of the fruit. Present study
assessed the chemical composition and anti-oxidative activity of
Kinnow mandarin fruit waste (KMW) and scrutinized the impact of
dietary incorporation of variable levels of KMW on in vitro
dry matter digestibility (IVDMD).
Materials and Methods: Sun dried and ground KMW was
analyzed for proximate composition, fibre fractions and calcium
and phosphorus content. Antioxidant potential of KMW as total
phenolic count and 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging
activity was assayed in an alcoholic extract of KMW. The effect of
inclusion of KMW at variable levels (0-40%) in the isonitrogenous
concentrate mixtures on in vitro degradability of composite
feed (concentrate mixture:Wheat straw; 40:60) was also carried
out.
Results: KMW after sun-drying contained 92.05% dry matter.
The crude protein content of 7.60% indicates it being marginal in
protein content, whereas nitrogen free extract content of 73.69%
suggests that it is primarily a carbonaceous feedstuff. This
observation was also supported by low neutral detergent fiber and
acid detergent fiber content of 26.35% and 19.50%, respectively.
High calcium content (0.92%) vis-à-vis low phosphorus content
(0.08%), resulted in wide Ca:P ratio (11.5) in KMW. High
anti-oxidative potential of KMW is indicated by total phenolic
content values of 17.1±1.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and DPPH
free radicle scavenging activity 96.2 μg/ml (effective
concentration 50). Mean IVDMD% of all the composite rations was
found to be comparable (p>0.05) irrespective of the level of KMW
inclusion, indicating no negative effect of KMW inclusion on in
vitro nutrient utilization.
Conclusion: KMW is a carbonaceous feedstuff and may be
incorporated in ruminant ration up to the level of 40% (w/w basis)
without affecting in vitro degradability.
Keywords: antioxidant, in vitro dry matter
digestibility, Kinnow mandarin waste, unconventional feedstuff.
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