Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
R esearch
(Published online:
14-11-2015)
4. Exploring the effects of inclusion of dietary fresh
Azolla on the performance of White Pekin broiler ducks -
Parag Acharya, G. P. Mohanty, C. R. Pradhan, S. K. Mishra, N. C.
Beura and B. Moharana
Veterinary World, 8(11): 1293-1299
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.1293-1299
Parag
Acharya:
Department of Livestock Production and Management, National
Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India;
paragacharya17@gmail.com
G. P.
Mohanty:
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of
Veterinary Science and A.H, Orissa University of Agriculture and
Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India;
gpmouat@rediffmail.com
C. R.
Pradhan:
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of
Veterinary Science and A.H, Orissa University of Agriculture and
Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; pradhancr@gmail.com
S. K.
Mishra:
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of
Veterinary Science and A.H, Orissa University of Agriculture and
Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; sumantkmishra@gmail.com
N. C.
Beura:
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of
Veterinary Science and A.H, Orissa University of Agriculture and
Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; ncbehura@gmail.com
B.
Moharana: Department of Veterinary, Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;
baisakhimoharana@gmail.com
Received: 12-06-2015, Revised: 15-09-2015, Accepted: 26-09-2015,
Published online: 14-11-2015
Corresponding author:
Parag Acharya, e-mail: paragacharya17@gmail.com
Citation:
Acharya P,
Mohanty GP, Pradhan CR, Mishra SK, Beura NC, Moharana B (2015)
Exploring the effects of inclusion of dietary fresh Azolla
on the performance of White Pekin broiler ducks,
Veterinary World 8(11): 1293-1299.
Abstract
Aim:
The objective of this study was
to investigate the dietary advantages of inclusion of
unconventional nutrient source, i.e., Azolla in the basal
diet of White Pekin broilers.
Materials and Methods:
All ducklings were randomly
distributed into three treatment groups with three replicates
each and each replicate having 12 ducklings and were reared in
deep litter system. Groups were subjected to three dietary
treatments such as G1:
Basal diet, G2:
Basal diet + 5% fresh Azolla of basal diet, G3:
Basal diet + 10% fresh Azolla of basal diet. During
experimental period, parameters, such as bodyweight, bodyweight
gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and
economic of production, were recorded.
Results:
The result showed that body
weights in every week, except the 5th
week, did not
differ significantly between groups. However, no significant
difference was observed between the groups in any week in terms
of absolute body weight gain and feed consumption. As regard to
FCR, the 10% Azolla group (G3)
showed the best feed efficiency followed by the 5% Azolla
group (G2)
and the control group (G1).
On the basis of profit/bird or profit/kg live weight, each of
the Azolla-fed group showed a higher economic efficiency
than the control.
Conclusion:
From the experiment, it was
concluded that Azolla at 5 or 10% level can be included
in the diet to economize the White Pekin broiler farming, and it
can be great impetus to poultry farming to include
unconventional nutrient source as a dietary supplement.
Keywords:
Azolla,
body weight gain, economic efficiency, feed conversion ratio,
White Pekin broilers.
References
1. Sahoo, S.P., Kaur, D., Sethi, A.P.S., Sharma, A. and
Chandra, M. (2015) Evaluation of performance of broiler
chicks in winter season.Vet.World, 8: 556-559.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2015.556-560 |
|
|
|
2. Zhou, L. (2011) Integrated White Pekin Production
Systems. Available from: http://www.mlfduck.com/integrated%20white%20pekin%20production%20system.pdf.
Accessed on 24-03-2014. |
|
|
3. Basak, B., Pramanik, M.A.H., Rahman, M.H., Tarafdar, S.U.
and Roy, B.C. (2002) Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a feed
ingredient in broiler ration. Int. J. Poult. Sci.,1: 29-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2002.29.34 |
|
|
|
4. Naghshi, H., Khojasteh, S. and Jafari, M. (2014)
Investigation of the effect of different levels of Azolla (Azolla
pinnata) on performance and characteristics of Cobb Broiler
Chicks. Int. J. Farming Allied Sci., 3(1):45-49. |
|
|
|
5. Cariaso, E.R. (1992) Effects of feeding fresh Azolla (Azolla
microphylla Kaulfuss) on some production traits of white
Muscovy ducks. ThesisSubmitted to Philippines University Los
Banos, College, Laguna. |
|
|
|
6. Bacerra, M., Preston, T.R. and Ogle, B. (1995) Effect of
replacing whole boiled soya beans with Azolla in the diets
of growing ducks. Livest. Res. Rural Dev.,7: 1-11. |
|
|
|
7. Shamna, T.P., Peethambaran, P.A., Jalaludeen, A., Joseph,
L. and Aslam, M.K.M. (2013) Broiler characteristics of
Japanese quails (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) at different
levels of diet substitution with Azolla pinnata. Anim. Sci.
Rep., 7(2):75-80. |
|
|
|
8. BIS. (1992) Poultry Feeds Specification. 4thRevision.
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. |
|
|
|
9. A.O.A.C.(1995) Official Methods of Analysis.13th ed.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Washington, DC. |
|
|
|
10. Pillai, P.K., Premalatha, S. and Rajamony, S.(2002)
Azolla: A sustainable feed for livestock. Leisa India,
21(3): 15-17 |
|
|
|
11. Talapatra, S.K., Ray, S.C. and Sen, K.C. (1940)
Estimation of phosphorus, chlorine, calcium,magnesium,
sodium and potassium in foodstuffs. Indian J. Vet. Sci.
Anim. Husbandry,10: 243-246. |
|
|
|
12. Balaji, K., Jalaludeen, A., Churchil, R.R.,
Peethambaran, P.A. and Senthilkumar, S. (2009) Effect of
dietary inclusion of Azolla (Azollapinnata) on production
performance of broiler chicken. IJPS,44(2):195-198. |
|
|
|
13. Cherryl, D.M., Prasad, R.M.V., Jagadeeswararao, S.,
Jayalaxmi, P. and Kumar, D.S. (2014) A study on the
nutritive value of Azolla pinnata.Livest. Res. Int., 2:
13-15. |
|
|
|
14. Parashuramulu, S., Swain, P.S. and Nagalakshmi, D.
(2013) Protein fractionation and in vitro digestibility of
Azolla in ruminants. Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 3(3):
129-132. |
|
|
|
15. Parthasarathy, R., Kadrivel, R. and Kathaperumal, V.
(2002) Azolla as a partial replacement forfishmeal in boiler
rations. Indian Vet. J., 79:144-146. |
|
|
16. Alalade, O.A. and Iyayi, E.A. (2006) Chemical
composition and feeding value of Azolla (Azolla pinnata)
meal for egg type chicks.Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: 137-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.137.141 |
|
|
|
17. Pousga, S., Boly, H. and Ogle, B. (2005) Choice feeding
of poultry: A review. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 17(4): Vol.
17, Art. #45. Retrieved October 28, 2015, from
http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd17/4/pous17045.htm Accessed on
28-10-2015. |
|
|
18. Siegel, P.B., Picard, M., Nir, I., Dunnington, E.A.,
Willemsen, M.H.A. and Williams, P.E.V. (1997) Response of
meat type chickens to choice- feeding of diets differing in
protein and energy from hatch to market. Poult. Sci.,76:
1183-1192.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.9.1183 |
|
|
|
19. Namra, M.M.M., Hataba, N.A. and Abdel Wahed, M. (2010)
The productive performance of growing Fayoumi chicks fed
restricted diets supplemented with free fresh Azolla. Egypt.
Poult. Sci.,30(III): 747-762. |
|
|
|
20. Mwale, M. and Gwaze, F.R. (2013) Characteristics of
duckweed and its potential as feed source for chickens
reared for meat production: A review. Sci. Res.
Essays,8(18): 689-697. |
|
|
|
21. Sarria, P. and Preston, T.R. (1995) A chick assay method
for the evaluation of non-conventional protein sources
derived from Nacedero(Trichanthera gigantea) and Azolla
(Azolla filiculoides). Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 7(3): 6. |
|
|
|
22. Seth, N., Pradhan, C.R., Mishra. S.K., Pati, P.K. and
Panda, S.K. (2013) Performance of Vanaraja chicken fed fresh
Azolla as a protein substitute. M.V.Sc. ThesisSubmitted to
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. |
|
|
|
23. Saikia, N., Sapcota, D. and Hazarika, R. (2014) Effect
of feeding Azolla (Azolla pinnata) meal to broilers: A field
study in Assam.Indian J.Poult. Sci.,49(1): 113-114. |
|
|
|
24. Escobin, R.P. Jr. (1987) Fresh Azolla (Azollamicrophylla
kaulfuss) as partial replacement to palay-snail-shrimp based
ration for laying mallard and growth-fattening Muscovy
ducks. Thesis Submitted to Philippines University Los Banos,
College, Laguna. |
|
|
|
25. Chichilichi, B., Mohanty, G.P., Pradhan, C.R., Mishra,
S.K. and Beura, N.C. (2013) Protein substitution with Azolla
on growth and carcass characteristics in commercial broiler
chicken.M.V.Sc. ThesisSubmitted to Orissa University of
Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. |
|
|
|
26. Lawas, M.V.P., Roxas, D.B.and Lambio, A.L. (1998)Laying
performance of Philippine Mallard ducks fed diets
substituted with fresh Azolla. Recent developments in animal
production - 1998: Proceedings of the Philippine Society of
Animal Science 35th Annual Convention. p220-225. |
|
|
|
27. Alcantara, P.F. and Querubin, L.J. (1985) Feeding value
of Azolla meal for broilers. Philipp. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,
11: 1-8. |
|
|
|
28. Rai, R.B., Dharma, K., Damodaran, T., Ali, H., Rai, S.,
Singh, B. and Bhatt, P. (2012) Evaluation of Azolla (Azolla
pinnata) as a poultry feed and its role in poverty
alleviation among landless people in northern plains of
India.Vet. Pract., 13: 250-254. |
|
|
29. Sujatha, T., Kundu, A., Srivastava, R.C., Jeyakumar, S.,
Kundu, M.S., Sundar, J. and Singh, A.K. (2009) Azolla: A
feed supplement for laying ducks at backyard level in A and
N Island. IV World Water Fowl Conference, 11-13 November,
2009, Thrissur, India.
PMCid:PMC2740039 |
|
|
|
30. Sujatha, T., Kundu, A., Jeyakumar, S. and Kundu, M.S.
(2013)Azolla supplementation: Feed cost benefit in duck
ration in Andaman Islands. Tamil Nadu J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,
9(2):130-136. |
|
