Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 22-08-2016)
15.
Prevalence and pathogenesis of
some filarial nematodes infecting donkeys in Egypt -
A. M. Radwan, N. E. Ahmed, L. M. Elakabawy, M. Y. Ramadan and R.
S. Elmadawy
Veterinary World, 9(8): 888-892
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.888-892
A. M. Radwan:
Department
of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha
University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt; dr.ahmedradwan@yahoo.com
N. E. Ahmed:
Department
of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha
University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt; nagwa.mahmoud@fvtm.bu.edu.eg
L. M. Elakabawy:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt; lubnaelakabawy@yahoo.com
M. Y. Ramadan:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt; ahmeduosif@yahoo.com
R. S. Elmadawy:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt; rehamelmadawy@hotmail.com
Received: 30-03-2016, Accepted: 20-07-2016, Published online:
22-08-2016
Corresponding author:
R. S.
Elmadawy, e-mail: rehamelmadawy@hotmail.com
Citation:
Radwan AM, Ahmed NE, Elakabawy LM, Ramadan MY, Elmadawy RS
(2016) Prevalence and pathogenesis of some filarial nematodes
infecting donkeys in Egypt, Veterinary World, 9(8):
888-892.
Abstract
Aim:
The primary
objective of the present study is to determine the commonness of
filarial parasites in donkeys in Egypt, identification of the
filarial species tainting them and the delivered pathogenic
impact connected with the infestation.
Materials and
Methods:
A total of 188
donkeys were examined for filarial infection. The blood samples
and scraping of the cutaneous bleeding lesions were collected,
stained, and inspected for microfilariae all through the period
from March 2011 to October 2013. The adult worms were perceived
in tissue samples acquired from skin scraping, testes, eyes,
tendons, peritoneal and pleural cavities, and the ligamentum
nuchae.
Results:
On
the basis of morphological identification, 163 of 188 donkeys
(86.70%) were infected with Onchocerca cervicalis
(82.98%), Setaria equina (31.11%), Parafilaria
multipapillosa (5.32%), and Onchocerca reticulata
(4.26%). There was no significant effect of the sex on
the incidence of all the encounteredfilarial worms except for
S. equina, where the infection rate prevailed in males
versus females (40.82% vs. 35.90%). In addition, age
group of 5-15 years old exhibited a fundamentally higher
predominance (p< 0.05) of the recognized filarial worms versus
those of
˂5 years
old and >15 years old.
Conclusion:
The
preliminary results add to our comprehension of filarial species
infecting donkeys in Egypt, their impact on animal execution and
production. Accentuation must be taken for avoidance, control of
filarial disease, and improvement of the management system of
donkeys.
Keywords:
age, donkey, Filaria, gender, prevalence.
References
1. Marshall, F. and Weissbrod, L. (2011) Domestication
process and morphological change. Curr. Anthropol., 53:
397-413.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658389 |
|
|
|
2. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1983) Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa
of Domesticated Animals. 7th ed. The English Lingerie Book
Society and Bailliere, Tindal, London. |
|
|
3. Bouchery, T., Lefoulon, E., Karadjian, G., Nieguitsila,
A. and Martin, C. (2013) The symbiotic role of Wolbachia in
Onchocercidae and its impact on filariasis. Clin. Microbiol.
Infect., 19: 131-140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12069
PMid:23398406 |
|
|
4. Hillyer, L., Coles, G. and Randle, T. (2001) Setaria
equina in the UK. Vet. Rec., 149: 464.
PMid:11688756 |
|
|
5. Taylor, A., Latham, B. and Woolhouse, A. (2001) Risk
factors for human disease emergence. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
Lond., 1411: 983-989.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0888
PMid:11516376 PMCid:PMC1088493 |
|
|
6. Takaoka, H., Bain, O., Tajimi, S., Kashima, K., Nakayama,
I., Korenaga, M., Aoki, C. and Otsuka, Y. (1996) Second case
of zoonotic Onchocerca infection in a resident of Oita in
Japan. Parasite, 3: 179-182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1996032179
PMid:8758554 |
|
|
|
7. Bahnass, M.M.A. (2005) Studies on Filariasis in Some Farm
Animals. M.V. Sc. Thesis. Egypt, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Zagazig University. |
|
|
|
8. El-Wab, T.M. and Raef, M. (1999) Filarid nematodes in
equidae at Kafr El Sheikh province. Alex. J. Vet. Sci.,
15(3): 549-565. |
|
|
|
9. Radwan, A.M.M. (2009) An investigation on parasitic
infection in equines. M.V. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Benha University. |
|
|
10. Al Anazi, A.D. and Alyousif, M.S. (2011) Prevalence of
non-strongyle gastrointestinal parasites of horses in Riyadh
region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 18: 299-303.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.02.001
PMid:23961139 PMCid:PMC3730675 |
|
|
|
11. Al-Azawi, K.A., Fadhl, R.A. and Fadhl, R.S. (2012)
Epidemiological study of Setaria equina infection in
donkeys. Iraq. Vet. J., 36(2): 93-97. |
|
|
|
12. Arafa, M.I. (1998) Studies on ecto and endoparasites of
equines in Assiut Governorate. Ph. D., Thesis. Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University. |
|
|
13. Maloufi, F. (1995) Equine parafilariosis in Iran. Vet.
Parasitol., 56(1-3): 189-197.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)00658-Y |
|
|
|
14. Yousif, Y.A., Hayatee, Z.G., Saleem, A.N. and Joshi, H.C.
(1990) Haemato-biochemical changes in microfilariae affected
horses under field conditions. J. Vet. Parasitol., 4(1):
55-58. |
|
|
15. Jubb, K.V.F., Kennedy, C.P. and Palmer, N. (1992)
Pathology of Domestic Animals. (Book 1). 4th ed. Academic
Press, San Diego.
PMCid:PMC1004651 |
|
|
|
16. Patil, D.B., Parikh, P.V., Nisha, J., Jhala, S.K.,
Scholars P., Din, U.D. and Tiwari, D.K. (2012) Equine eye
worm: A review of 50 cases. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 33(1):
61-62. |
|
|
17. Anderson, R.C. (2000) The superfamily Filaroidea.
Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and
Transmission. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing, New York. p467-529.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994215.0000 |
|
|
|
18. Enami, H.R. (2009) Epidemiological survey of equine
filariasis in the Urmia area of Iran. J. Anim. Vet. Adv.,
8(2): 295-296. |
|
|
|
19. Suleiman, E.G., Aghwan, S.S. and Al-Iraqi, O.M. (2012)
Detection of microfilaria infection in horses in Mosul city.
Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 26 Suppl II: 23-26. |
|
|
20. Solismaa, M., Laaksonen, S., Nylund, M., Pitkänen, E.,
Airakorpi, R. and Oksanen, A. (2008) A filarioid nematodes
in cattle, sheep and horses in Finland. Acta Vet. Scand.,
50(1): 20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-50-20 |
|
|
|
21. Sellon, C.D. and Long, M. (2013) Equine Infectious
Diseases. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MI: Saunders Publishing, Co. |
|
