Open Access
Review
(Published
online: 27-06-2016)
20.
The detrimental effects of lead on human
and animal health -
Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Assi, Mohd Noor Mohd Hezmee, Abd Wahid
Haron, Mohd Yusof Mohd Sabri and Mohd Ali Rajion
Veterinary World, 9(6): 660-671
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671
Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Assi:
Department of Community Health, College of Health and Medical
Techniques, Al_Furat Al_Awsat Technical University, Iraq;
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia; razaq_assi@yahoo.com
Mohd Noor Mohd Hezmee:
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia; hezmee@upm.edu.my
Abd Wahid Haron:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia; wahidh@upm.edu.my
Mohd Yusof Mohd Sabri:
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia; mdsabri@upm.edu.my
Mohd Ali Rajion:
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia; mohdali@upm.edu.my
Received: 31-03-2016, Accepted: 21-05-2016, Published online:
27-06-2016
Corresponding author:
Mohd Noor Mohd Hezmee, e-mail: hezmee@upm.edu.my
Citation:
Assi MA, Hezmee MNM, Haron AW, Sabri MY, Rajion MA (2016) The
detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health,
Veterinary World, 9(6): 660-671.
Abstract
Lead, a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb
(from Latin: Plumbum, meaning “the liquid silver”) and has an
atomic number 82 in the periodic table. It was the first element
that was characterized by its kind of toxicity. In animal
systems, lead (Pb) has been incriminated in a wide spectrum of
toxic effects and it is considered one of the persistent
ubiquitous heavy metals. Being exposed to this metal could lead
to the change of testicular functions in human beings as well as
in the wildlife. The lead poising is a real threat to the public
health, especially in the developing countries. Accordingly,
great efforts on the part of the occupational and public health
have been taken to curb the dangers of this metal. Hematopoietic,
renal, reproductive, and central nervous system are among the
parts of the human body and systems that are vulnerable toward
the dangers following exposure to high level of Pb. In this
review, we discussed the massive harmful impact that leads
acetate toxicity has on the animals and the worrying fact that
this harmful toxicant can be found quite easily in the
environment and abundance. Highlighting its (Pb) effects on
various organs in the biological systems, its economic, as well
as scientific importance, with the view to educate the
public/professionals who work in this area. In this study, we
focus on the current studies and research related to lead
toxicity in animals and also to a certain extent toward human as
well.
Keywords:
antioxidant, free radical, lead poisoning, oxidative stress.
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