| 
              
              
              Open Access  
 
              
              
              
              Review 
              
              
(Published 
				online: 11-05-2016)  
              6. 
				
				
				Loop mediated isothermal amplification: An 
				innovative gene amplification technique for animal diseases -
				
				
				Pravas Ranjan Sahoo, Kamadev Sethy, Swagat Mohapatra and Debasis 
				Panda 
              
              Veterinary World, 9(5): 465-469   
              
   
                
                
doi: 
              
				
				10.14202/vetworld.2016.465-469 
                
				  
				
				Pravas Ranjan Sahoo: 
				
				Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Odisha University of 
				Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; 
				pravasvet86@gmail.com 
				
				Kamadev Sethy: 
				
				Department of Animal Nutrition, Odisha University of Agriculture 
				& Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; babuivri@gmail.com 
				
				Swagat Mohapatra: 
				
				Department of Veterinary Physiology, Odisha University of 
				Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; 
				swagat.physiology@gmail.com 
				
				Debasis Panda: 
				
				Department of Veterinary Physiology, Odisha University of 
				Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; bapu8280@mail.com   
				
				Received: 23-02-2016, Accepted: 05-04-2016, Published online: 
				11-05-2016 
				  
				
              	
              	Corresponding author:Pravas Ranjan Sahoo, e-mail: pravasvet86@gmail.com 
 
              Citation: 
				Sahoo PR, Sethy K, Mohapatra S, Panda D (2016) Loop mediated 
				isothermal amplification: An innovative gene amplification 
				technique for animal diseases, 
				
				Veterinary World, 9(5): 
				465-469. 
 
              
				Abstract 
 
				
				India being a developing country mainly depends on livestock 
				sector for its economy. However, nowadays, there is emergence 
				and reemergence of more transboundary animal diseases. The 
				existing diagnostic techniques are not so quick and with less 
				specificity. To reduce the economy loss, there should be a 
				development of rapid, reliable, robust diagnostic technique, 
				which can work with high degree of sensitivity and specificity. 
				Loop mediated isothermal amplification assay is a rapid gene 
				amplification technique that amplifies nucleic acid under an 
				isothermal condition with a set of designed primers spanning 
				eight distinct sequences of the target. This assay can be used 
				as an emerging powerful, innovative gene amplification 
				diagnostic tool against various pathogens of livestock diseases. 
				This review is to highlight the basic concept and methodology of 
				this assay in livestock disease. 
				
				Keywords: 
				
				designed primers, loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay, 
				transboundary animal diseases. 
 
              References 
 
				
					| 1. Belak, S., Thoren, P., Leblanc, N. and Viljoen, G. (2009) 
					Advances in viral disease diagnosis and molecular 
					epidemiological technologies. Exp. Rev. Mol. Diagn., 9: 
					367-381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.09.19
 PMid:19435457
 |  
					|  |  
					| 2. Tomita, N., Mori, Y., Kanda, H. and Notomi, T. (2008) 
					Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of gene 
					sequences and simple visual detection of products. Nat. 
					Protoc.,3(5): 877-882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.57
 PMid:18451795
 |  
					|  |  
					| 3. Zhang, X, Lowe, S.B. and Gooding, J.J. (2014) Brief 
					review of monitoring methods for loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification (LAMP). Biosens. Bioelectron., 61: 491-499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.039
 PMid:24949822
 |  
					|  |  
					| 4. Saharan, P., Dhingolia, S., Khatri, P., Duhan, J.S. and 
					Gahlawat, S.K. (2014) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification 
					(LAMP) based detection of bacteria: A review. Afr. J. 
					Biotechnol., 13(19): 1920-1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2013.13459
 |  
					|  |  
					| 5. Parida, M., Sannarangaiah, S., Dash, P.K., Rao, P.V.L. 
					and Morita, K. (2008) Loop mediated isothermal amplification 
					(LAMP): A new generation of innovative gene amplification 
					technique; perspectives in clinical diagnosis of infectious 
					diseases. Rev. Med. Virol., 18: 407-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.593
 |  
					|  |  
					| 6. Njiru, Z.K., Mikosza, A.S., Armstrong, T., Enyaru, J.C., 
					Ndung'u, J.M. and Thompson, A.R. (2008) Loop mediated 
					isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid detection 
					of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 
					2(1): e147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000147
 |  
					|  |  
					| 7. Mori, Y., Hirano, T.and Notomi, T. (2006) Sequence 
					specific visual detection of LAMP reactions by addition of 
					cationic polymers. BMC Biotechnol., 6: 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-6-3
 PMid:16401354 PMCid:PMC1373654
 |  
					|  |  
					| 8. Parida, M.M., Horioke, K., Ishida, H., Dash, P.K., Saxena, 
					P., Jana, A.M., Islam, M.A., Inoue, S., Hosaka, N. and 
					Morita, K. (2005) Rapid detection and differentiation of 
					dengue virus serotypes by a real-time reverse 
					transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. 
					J. Clin. Microbiol., 43: 2895-2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.6.2895-2903.2005
 PMid:15956414 PMCid:PMC1151941
 |  
					|  |  
					| 9. Sen, K.and Ashbolt, N.J. (2011) Environmental 
					Microbiology: Current Technology and Water Application. 
					Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK. |  
					|  |  
					| 10. Macarthur, G. (2009) Global Health Diagnostics: 
					Research, Development and Regulation. Academy of Medical 
					Sciences Workshop Report (PDF). Academy of Medical Sciences, 
					Great Britain. |  
					|  |  
					| 11. Dhanasekaran, S., Chandran, S.P. and Kenneth, J. (2011) 
					Efficacy of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) 
					assay for the laboratory identification of Mycobacterium 
					tuberculosis isolates in a resource limited setting. J. 
					Microbiol. Methods., 84(1): 71-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2010.10.015
 PMid:21047534
 |  
					|  |  
					| 12. Poon, L.L., Wong, B.W., Ma, E.H., Chan, K.H., Chow, 
					L.M., Abeyewickreme, W., Tangpukdee, N., Yuen, K.Y., Guan, 
					Y., Looareesuwan, S. and Peiris, J.S. (2006) Sensitive and 
					inexpensive molecular test for falciparum malaria: Detecting 
					Plasmodium falciparum DNA directly from heat-treated blood 
					by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Clin. Chem., 
					52(2): 303-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.057901
 PMid:16339303
 |  
					|  |  
					| 13. Njiru, Z.K., Mikosza, A.S., Matovu, E., Enyaru, J.C., 
					Ouma, J.O., Kibona, S.N., Thompson, R.C. and Ndung'u, J.M. 
					(2008) African trypanosomiasis: Sensitive and rapid 
					detection of the sub-genus Trypanozoon by loop-mediated 
					isothermal amplification (LAMP) of parasite DNA. Int. J. 
					Parasitol., 38(5): 589-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.09.006
 PMid:17991469
 |  
					|  |  
					| 14. Toriniwa, H. and Komiya, T. (2006) Rapid detection and 
					quantification of Japanese encephalitis virus by real-time 
					reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification. Microbiol. Immunol., 50(5): 379-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03804.x
 |  
					|  |  
					| 15. Parida, M.M., Santhosh, S.R., Dash, P.K., Tripathi, 
					N.K., Saxena, P., Srivastav, A. and Sahni, A.K. (2007) 
					Development and evaluation of reverse transcription 
					loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and 
					real-time detection of Japanese encephalitis virus. J. Clin. 
					Microbiol., 44(11): 4172-4178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01487-06
 PMid:17005741 PMCid:PMC1698363
 |  
					|  |  
					| 16. Parida, M.M., Santhosh, S.R., Dash, P.K., Tripathi, 
					N.K., Lakshmi, V., Mamidi, N., Shrivastva, A., Gupta, N., 
					Saxena, P., Pradeep Babu, J., Lakshmana Rao, P.V. and 
					Morita, K. (2007) Rapid and real-time detection of 
					chikungunya virus by reverse transcription loop mediated 
					isothermal amplification assay. J. Clin. Microbiol., 45(2): 
					351-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01734-06
 PMid:17135444 PMCid:PMC1829040
 |  
					|  |  
					| 17. Imai, M., Ninomiya, A. and Minekawa, H. (2006) Rapid 
					diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection by newly 
					developed influenza H5 hemagglutinin gene-specific 
					loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. Vaccine., 
					24(44-46): 6679-6682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.046
 PMid:16797110
 |  
					|  |  
					| 18. Fukuda, S., Takao, S., Kuwayama, M., Shimazu, Y. and 
					Miyazaki, K. (2006) Rapid detection of norovirus from fecal 
					specimens by real-time reverse transcription-loop-mediated 
					isothermal amplification assay. J. Clin. Microbiol., 
					44(4):1376-1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.44.4.1376-1381.2006
 PMid:16597865 PMCid:PMC1448634
 |  
					|  |  
					| 19. Hagiwara, M., Sasaki, H., Matsuo, K., Honda, M., Kawase, 
					M. and Nakagawa, H. (2007) Loop mediated isothermal 
					amplification method for detection of human papilloma virus 
					type 6, 11, 16, and 18. J. Med. Virol., 79(5): 605-615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.20858
 PMid:17385684
 |  
					|  |  
					| 20. Mansour, S.M., Ali, H., Chase, C.C. and Cepica, A. 
					(2015) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for diagnosis 
					of 18 World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) notifiable 
					viral diseases of ruminants, swine and poultry. Anim. Health 
					Res. Rev., 22: 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252315000018
 |  
					|  |  
					| 21. Dukes, J.P., King, D.P. and Alexandersen, S. (2006) 
					Novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease 
					virus. Arch. Virol., 151(6): 1093-1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-005-0708-5
 PMid:16453084
 |  
					|  |  
					| 22. Soliman, H. and El-Matbouli, M. (2006) Reverse 
					transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) 
					for rapid detection of viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus 
					(VHS). Vet. Microbiol., 114(3-4): 205-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.063
 PMid:16384659
 |  
					|  |  
					| 23. Cho, H.S., Kang, J.I. and Park, N.Y. (2006) Detection of 
					canine parvovirus in fecal samples using loop mediated 
					isothermal amplification. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 18(1): 
					81-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800111
 PMid:16566261
 |  
					|  |  
					| 24. Chowdry, V.K., Luo, Y., Widén, F., Qiub, H.J., Shan, H., 
					Belák, S. and Liu, L. (2014) Development of a loop-mediated 
					isothermal amplification assay combined with a lateral flow 
					dipstick for rapid and simple detection of classical swine 
					fever virus in the field. J. Virol. Methods., 197: 14-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.11.013
 PMid:24300833
 |  
					|  |  
					| 25. Raele, D.A., Garofolo, G., Galante, D. and Cafiero, M.A. 
					(2015) Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii using an 
					alternative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay 
					(LAMP). Vet. Ital., 51(1): 73-78. PMid:25842216
 |  
					|  |  
					| 26. Rekha, V., Rana, R., Thomas, P., Viswas, K.N., Singh, 
					V.P., Agarwal, R.K., Arun, T.R., Karthik, K. and Sophia, I. 
					(2015) Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification 
					test for the diagnosis of contagious agalactia in goats. 
					Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 47(3): 581-587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0767-x
 PMid:25616985
 |  
					|  |  
					| 27. Kursa, O., Woźniakowski, G., Tomczyk, G., Sawicka, A. 
					and Minta, Z. (2015) Rapid detection of mycoplasma synoviae 
					by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Arch. Microbiol., 
					197(2): 319-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1063-2
 PMid:25413672 PMCid:PMC4326666
 |  
					|  |  
					| 28. Karthik, K., Rathore, R., Thomas, P., Arun, T.R., 
					Viswas, K.N., Agarwal, R.K., Manjunathachar, H.V. and Dhama, 
					K. (2014) Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test 
					for specific and rapid detection of Brucella abortus in 
					cattle. Vet. Q., 34(4): 174-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2014.966172
 PMid:25220872
 |  
					|  |  
					| 29. Woźniakowski, G. and Samorek-Salamonowicz, E. (2014) 
					Direct detection of Marek's disease virus in poultry dust by 
					loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Arch. Virol., 
					159(11): 3083-3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2157-5
 PMid:24986718 PMCid:PMC4200374
 |  
					|  |  
					| 30. Zhang, J., Feng, Y., Hu, D., Lv, H., Zhu, J., Cao, M., 
					Zheng, F., Zhu, J., Gong, X., Hao, L., Srinivas, S., Ren, 
					H., Qi, Z., Li, B. and Wang, C. (2013) Rapid and sensitive 
					detection of H7N9 avian influenza virus by use of reverse 
					transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification. J. 
					Clin. Microbiol., 51(11): 3760-3764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01907-13
 PMid:24006004 PMCid:PMC3889764
 |  
					|  |  
					| 31. Cao, L., Cheng, R., Yao, L., Yuan, S. and Yao, X. (2014) 
					Establishment and application of a loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification method for simple, specific, sensitive and 
					rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 
					76(1): 9-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0275
 PMCid:PMC3979957
 |  
					|  |  
					| 32. Khan, M.G., Bhaskar, K.R., Salam, M.A., Akther, T., 
					Pluschke, G. and Mondal, D. (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of 
					loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection 
					of Leishmania DNA in buffy coat from visceral leishmaniasis 
					patients. Parasit. Vectors, 35: 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-280
 PMid:23206441 PMCid:PMC3545740
 |  
					|  |  
					| 33. Lenarčič, R., Morisset, D., Pirc, M., Llop, P., Ravnikar, 
					M. and Dreo, T. (2014) Loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification of specific endo glucanase gene sequence for 
					detection of the bacterial wilt Pathogen R. solanacearum. 
					PLoS One, 9(4):e96027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096027
 PMid:24763488 PMCid:PMC3999105
 |  
					|  |  
					| 34. Lloyd, A., Pasupuleti, V., Thota, P., Pant, C., Rolston, 
					D.D., Hernandez, A.V., Benites-Zapata, V.A., Fraser, T.G., 
					Donskey, C.J. and Deshpande, A. (2015) Accuracy of 
					loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the diagnosis of 
					Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review. Diagn. 
					Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 82(1): 4-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.02.007
 PMid:25752201
 |  
					|  |  
					| 35. Kundapur, R.R. and Nema,V. (2016) Loop-mediated 
					isothermal amplification: Beyond microbial identification. 
					Cogent Biol., 2(1): 1137110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2015.1137110
 |  
					|  |  
					| 36. Dhama, K., Karthik, K., Chakraborty, S.,Tiwari, R., 
					Kapoor, S., Kumar, A. and Thomas, P. (2014) Loop-mediated 
					isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP): A new diagnostic 
					tool lights the world of diagnosis of animal and human 
					pathogens: A review. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 17(2): 151-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.151.166
 |  
					|  |  
					| 37. Tavares, R.G., Staggemeier, R., Borges, A.L.P., 
					Rodrigues, M.T., Castelan, L.A., Vasconcelos, J., Anschau, 
					M.E. and Spalding, S.M. (2011) Molecular techniques for the 
					study and diagnosis of parasite infection. J.Venom. 
					Anim.Toxins Incl.Trop. Dis., 17(3): 239-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992011000300003
 |  
					|  |  
					| 38. Nakamura, N., Ito, K., Takahashi, M., Hashimoto, K., 
					Kawamoto, M., Yamanaka, M., Taniguchi, A., Kamatani, N. and 
					Gemma, N. (2007) Detection of six single-nucleotide 
					polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis by a 
					loop-mediated isothermal amplification method and an 
					electrochemical DNA chip. Anal. Chem.,79(24): 9484-9493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0715468
 PMid:17985847
 |  
					|  |  
					| 39. Aikawa, T., Horino, S. and Ichihara, Y. (2015) A novel 
					and rapid diagnostic method for discriminating between feces 
					of Sika deer and Japanese serow by loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification. Mamm Genome., 26: 355-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-015-9572-0
 PMid:26084704
 |  
					|  |  
					| 40. Kermekchiev, M.B., Kirilova, L.I., Vail, E.E. and 
					Barnes, W.M. (2009) Mutants of Taq DNA polymerase resistant 
					to PCR inhibitors allows DNA amplification from whole blood 
					and crude soil samples. Nucleic. Acids Res., 37(5): e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn1055
 |  
					|  |  
					| 41. Torres, C., Vitalis, E.A., Baker, B.R., Gardner, S.N., 
					Torres, M.W. and Dzenitis, J.M. (2011) LAVA: An open-source 
					approach to designing LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification) DNA signatures. BMC Biochem.,12: 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-240
 |  
					|  |  
					| 42. Njiru, Z.K. (2012) Loop-mediated isothermal 
					amplification technology: Toward point of care diagnostics. 
					PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 6(6): e1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001572
 |  |