Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 10-11-2016)
9.
Biocomputational analysis of evolutionary
relationship between toll-like receptor and nucleotide-binding
oligomerization domain-like receptors genes -
Rabia Bhardwaj, Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay, Dipak Deka, Ramneek
Verma, P. P. Dubey and J. S. Arora
Veterinary World, 9(11): 1218-1228
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.1218-1228
Rabia Bhardwaj:
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India;
bhardwajrabia@gmail.com
Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay:
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; csmbioinfo@gmail.com
Dipak Deka:
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; deepakdeka@gmail.com
Ramneek Verma:
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; ramneek.verma@gmail.com
P. P. Dubey:
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Guru Angad Dev
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab,
India; prakashagb@gmail.com
J. S. Arora:
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; drarora2003@gmail.com
Received: 03-05-2016, Accepted: 01-10-2016, Published online:
10-11-2016
Corresponding author:
Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay, e-mail: csmbioinfo@gmail.com
Citation:
Bhardwaj R, Mukhopadhyay CS, Deka D, Verma R, Dubey PP, Arora JS
(2016) Biocomputational analysis of evolutionary relationship
between toll-like receptor and nucleotidebinding oligomerization
domain-like receptors genes,
Veterinary World, 9(11):
1218-1228.
Abstract
Aim:
The active domains (TIR and NACHT) of the pattern recognition
receptors (PRRs: Toll-like receptors [TLRs] and nucleotide-binding
oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptors [NLR], respectively)
are the major hotspots of evolution as natural selection has
crafted their final structure by substitution of residues over
time. This paper addresses the evolutionary perspectives of the
TLR and NLR genes with respect to the active domains in terms of
their chronological fruition, functional diversification, and
species-specific stipulation.
Materials and Methods:
A
total of 48 full-length cds (and corresponding peptide) of the
domains were selected as representatives of each type of PRRs,
belonging to divergent animal species, for the biocomputational
analyses. The secondary and tertiary structure of the taurine TIR
and NACHT domains was predicted to compare the relatedness among
the domains under study.
Results:
Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree results
indicated that these host-specific PRRs formed entirely different
clusters, with active domains of NLRs (NACHT) evolved earlier as
compared to the active domains of TLRs (TIR). Each type of TLR or
NLR shows comparatively less variation among the animal species
due to the specificity of action against the type of microbes.
Conclusion:
It can be concluded from the study that there has been no positive
selection acting on the domains associated with disease resistance
which is a fitness trait indicating the extent of purifying
pressure on the domains. Gene duplication could be a possible
reason of genesis of similar kinds of TLRs (virus or bacteria
specific).
Keywords:
bioinformatics, domain, evolution, nucleotide-binding
oligomerization domain-like receptors, selection pressure,
toll-like receptor.
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