Comparative effects of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium)-based diets supplemented with Gambier (Uncaria gambir) or direct-fed microbials on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and methane mitigation in beef cattle: An in vitro evaluation
Bella Veliana Utami , Mardiati Zain , Elihasridas Elihasridas , Windu Negara , Laras Sukma Sucitra , Zaitul Ikhlas
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1
Doctoral Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia.
2
Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Limau Manis Campus, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia.
3
Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Limau Manis Campus, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia.
4
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor, Cibinong, 16915, Indonesia.
5
Doctoral Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia.
6
Doctoral Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia.
