Do bulls experience pain or stress during electroejaculation? Evidence from electroencephalography, behavioral, hormonal, and metabolite profiling
Ubedullah Kaka , Nurhusien Yimer Degu , Pavan Kumar , Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar , Yong-Meng Goh , Muhammad Waseem Aslam , Khaleeq Ur Rehman Bhutto , Muhammad Abdul Basit , Wasim S. M. Qadi , Norazlan Mohmad Misnan , Ahmed Mediani , Khor Kuan Hua
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1
Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
2
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Medicine, IMU University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia.
3
Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Lu
4
Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
5
Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
6
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
7
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
8
Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan.
9
Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
10
Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, 40170, Malaysia.
11
Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
12
Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Corresponding Author:
Ubedullah Kaka and Nurhusien Yimer Degu (dr_ubedkaka@upm.edu.my and nurhusienyimerdegu@imu.edu.my)
Kaka et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
