doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.950-954
Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]
Article history: Received: 05-05-2017, Accepted: 26-07-2017, Published online: 20-08-2017
Corresponding author: N. Mohammad Sharif
E-mail: sharifnoorbasha@gmail.com
Citation: Sharif NM, Sreedevi B, Chaitanya RK, Sreenivasulu D (2017) Beta-lactamase antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella and Enterobacter species isolated from healthy and diarrheic dogs in Andhra Pradesh, India, Veterinary World, 10(8): 950-954.Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize beta-lactamase antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella and Enterobacter species isolated from healthy and diarrheic dogs in Andhra Pradesh.
Materials and Methods: A total of 136 rectal swabs were collected from healthy (92) and diarrheic (44) dogs, bacteriological cultured for Klebsiella and Enterobacter growth and screened for beta-lactamase antimicrobial resistance phenotypically by disc diffusion method and genotypically by polymerase chain reaction targeting blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M Group 1, 2, blaAmpC, blaACC, and blaMOX genes.
Results: A total of 33 Klebsiella and 29 Enterobacter isolates were recovered. Phenotypic beta-lactamase resistance was detected in 66.6% and 25% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter isolates, respectively, from healthy dogs and 66.6% and 60% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter isolates, respectively, from diarrheic dogs. Overall, incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was found to be 21.2% (7/33) in Klebsiella isolates, whereas none of the Enterobacter isolates exhibited ESBL phenotype. Predominant beta-lactamase genes detected in Klebsiella species include blaSHV (84.8%), followed by blaTEM (33.3%), blaCTX-M Group 1 (15.1%), and blaOXA (6.1%) gene. Predominant beta-lactamase genes detected in Enterobacter species include blaSHV (48.2%), followed by blaTEM (24.1%), blaAmpC (13.7%), and blaOXA (10.3%) gene.
Conclusion: The present study highlighted alarming beta-lactamase resistance in Klebsiella and Enterobacter species of canine origin in India with due emphasis as indicators of antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords: beta-lactamase resistance, dogs, Enterobacter, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Klebsiella.
1. Rubin, J.E. and Pitout, J.D. (2014) Extended-spectrum β-lactamase, carbapenemase and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae in companion animals. Vet. Microbiol., 170(1): 10-18. [Crossref] [PubMed]
2. Bush, K. and Jacoby, G.A. (2010) Updated functional classification of β-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 54(3): 969-976. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
3. Stolle, I., Prenger-Berninghoff, E., Stamm, I., Scheufen, S., Hassdenteufel, E., Guenther, S., Bethe, A., Pfeifer, Y. and Ewers, C. (2013) Emergence of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in dogs. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 68: 2802-2808. [Crossref] [PubMed]
4. Schaufler, K., Bethe, A., Lubke-Becker, A., Ewers, C., Kohn, B., Wieler, L.H. and Gunther, S. (2015) Putative connection between zoonotic multiresistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in dog feces from a veterinary campus and clinical isolates from dogs. Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol., 5: 25334. [PubMed]
5. Pfeifer, Y., Cullik, A. and Witte, W. (2010) Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 300(6): 371-379. [Crossref] [PubMed]
6. Sneath, P.H.A. and Holt, J.G. (2001) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd ed., Vol. 1. A Waverly Company, Williams & Wilkins, Springer-Verlag, NewYork, USA.
7. Wani, S.A., Samanta, I., Munshi, Z.H., Bhat, M.A. and Nishikawa, Y. (2006) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in healthy goats in India: occurrence and virulence properties. J. Appl. Microbiol., 100: 108-113. [Crossref]
8. Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45(4): 493. [PubMed]
9. Drieux, L., Brossier, F., Sougakoff, W. and Jarlier, V. (2008) Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae: Review and bench guide. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 14: 90-103. [Crossref] [PubMed]
10. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI. (2014) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. M100-S24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA.
11. Dallenne, C., da Costa, A., Decre, D., Favier, C. and Arlet, G. (2010) Development of a set of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding important β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 65: 490-495. [Crossref]
12. Shahid, M., Sobia, F., Singh, A. and Khan, H.M. (2012) Concurrent occurrence of blaampC families and blaCTX-M genogroups and association with mobile genetic elements ISEcp1, IS26, ISCR1, and sul1-type class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates originating from India. J. Clin. Microbiol., 50(5): 1779-1782. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
13. Balish, E., Cleven, D., Brown, J. and Yale, C.E. (1977) Nose, throat, and fecal flora of beagle dogs housed in "locked" or "open" environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 34(2): 207-221. [PubMed] [PMC]
14. Suryawanshi, P.R. and Hirpurkar, S.D. (2008) Antibiogram of enteric and urinary isolates of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Proteus sp. from cattle, dogs and pigs. J. Bombay Vet. Coll., 16(1): 3-5.
15. Hordijk, J., Schoormans, A., Kwakernaak, M., Duim, B., Broens, E., Dierikx, C., Mevius, D. and Wagenaar, J.A. (2013) High prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cats and dogs. Front. Microbiol., 4: 242. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
16. Haenni, M., Ponsin, C., Metayer, V., Medaille, C. and Madec, J.Y. (2011) Veterinary hospital-acquired infections in pets with a ciprofloxacin-resistant CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 clone. J. Antimicrob.Chemother., 67: 770-771. [Crossref] [PubMed]
17. Sidjabat, H.E., Hanson, N.D., Smith-Moland, E., Bell, J.M., Gibson, J.S., Filippich, L.J. and Trott, D.J. (2007) Identification of plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases in Enterobacter spp. isolated from dogs. J. Med. Microbiol., 56(3): 426-434. [Crossref] [PubMed]
18. O'Keefe, A., Hutton, T.A., Schifferli, D.M. and Rankin, S.C. (2010) First detection of CTX-M and SHV extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates from dogs and cats in the United States. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 54(8): 3489-3492. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
19. Wedley, A.L., Maddox, T.W., Westgarth, C., Coyne, K.P., Pinchbeck, G.L., Williams, N.J. and Dawson, S. (2011) Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in dogs in a cross-sectional, community-based study. Vet. Rec., 168(13): 354. [Crossref]
20. Moreno, A., Bello, H., Guggiana, D., Dominguez, M. and Gonzalez, G. (2008) Extended-spectrum β-lactamases belonging to CTX-M group produced by Escherichia coli strains isolated from companion animals treated with enrofloxacin. Vet. Microbiol., 129(1): 203-208. [Crossref] [PubMed]
21. Sun, Y., Zeng, Z., Chen, S., Ma, J., He, L., Liu, Y., Deng, Y., Lei, T., Zhao, J. and Liu, J.H. (2010) High prevalence of blaCTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli isolates from pets and emergence of CTX-M-64 in China. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 16(9): 1475-1481. [Crossref]
22. Sallem, R.B., Gharsa, H., Slama, K.B., Rojo-Bezares, B., Estepa, V., Porres-Osante, N., Jouini, A., Klibi, N., Saenz, Y., Boudabous, A. and Torres, C. (2013) First detection of CTX-M-1, CMY-2, and QnrB19 resistance mechanisms in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy pets in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis., 13(2): 98-102. [Crossref] [PubMed]
23. Baede, V.O., Wagenaar, J.A., Broens, E.M., Duim, B., Dohmen, W., Nijsse, R., Timmerman, A.J. and Hordijk, J. (2015) Longitudinal study of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in household dogs. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 59(6): 3117-3124. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
24. Sailal, D.C.C. (2013) Use of Antimicrobials and Cephamicin Resistance in Companion Animals. Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to University of Lisboa, Lisbon.