Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria

Research (Published online: 28-08-2018)

25. Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria

Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu, Oladapo Oyedeji Oludairo, Julius Olaniyi Aiyedun, Hauwa Motunrayo Ambali, Rafiu Adebisi Kadir, Oluwakemi Christiana Daodu, Isaac Dayo Olorunshola and Arimie Deborah Adah

Veterinary World, 11(8): 1183-1187

Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Oladapo Oyedeji Oludairo: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Julius Olaniyi Aiyedun: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Hauwa Motunrayo Ambali: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Rafiu Adebisi Kadir: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Oluwakemi Christiana Daodu: Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Isaac Dayo Olorunshola: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

Arimie Deborah Adah: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa.

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1183-1187

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Article history: Received: 25-04-2018, Accepted: 13-07-2018, Published online: 28-08-2018

Corresponding author: Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu

E-mail: daodu.ob@unilorin.edu.ng; daodu.femi@gmail.com

Citation: Daodu OB, Oludairo OO, Aiyedun JO, Ambali HM, Kadir RA, Daodu OC, Olorunshola ID, Adah AD (2018) Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria, Veterinary World, 11(8):1183-1187.

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to assess available assay methods for infectious bursal disease (IBD) diagnosis and seromonitoring in local birds. It also sought to know the prevalence of IBD antibodies among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: Sera were obtained from local chickens and guinea fowls and IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test.

Results: A total of 265 sera were obtained from local birds during dry and wet seasons. ELISA recorded the highest prevalence of 81.1% (215/265) while IHA and AGID detected IBDV antibodies in 183 (69.1%) and 122 (46%) birds, respectively. Significant differences were established for IBD-positive sera based on the assay method used, bird species, and seasons.

Conclusion: This study indicated that ELISA is the most sensitive and reliable assay method while AGID is the least. It also showed that there is a high prevalence of IBDV antibodies among local birds which were not vaccinated, and this implies a high IBDV activity among these bird species in the study area. This may have significant epidemiological implications on the spread of the virus to exotic bird reared in the rural areas on a commercial scale. Thus, this study suggests continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and advocacy for vaccination of indigenous birds against IBD.

Keywords: agar gel immunodiffusion test, assessment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect hemagglutination test, infectious bursal disease, Kwara state, prevalence.

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