Open Access
Research (Published online: 16-02-2021)
13. Infection rate and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblage C in Iranian stray dogs, targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase gene
Asghar Fazaeli, Mohammad Hasan Kohansal, Adel Spotin, Ali Haniloo, Abbasali Nourian, Alireza Khiabani, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Roghayeh Norouzi and Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Veterinary World, 14(2): 419-425

Asghar Fazaeli: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Mohammad Hasan Kohansal: School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
Adel Spotin: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Ali Haniloo: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Abbasali Nourian: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Alireza Khiabani: School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
Abolghasem Siyadatpanah: Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Roghayeh Norouzi: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Veeranoot Nissapatorn: School of Allied Health Sciences, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.419-425

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Article history: Received: 22-09-2020, Accepted: 14-01-2021, Published online: 16-02-2021

Corresponding authors: Mohammad Hasan Kohansal

E-mail: kohansalhasan@gmail.com

Veeranoot Nissapatorn

E-mail: nissapat@gmail.com

Citation: Fazaeli A, Kohansal MH, Spotin A, Haniloo A, Nourian A, Khiabani A, Siyadatpanah A, Norouzi R, Nissapatorn V (2021) Infection rate and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblage C in Iranian stray dogs, targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase gene, Veterinary World, 14(2): 419-425.
Abstract

Background and Aim: Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric protozoan parasites in vertebrates, such as humans, domestic and wild animals, causing giardiasis. To the best of our knowledge, little is known about the genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages. This study aimed to identify genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages in Iranian stray dogs.

Materials and Methods: A total of 450 fecal samples were collected from 2015 to 2016 from stray dogs of Northwest Iran. All specimens were observed microscopically following concentration and flotation techniques. Subsequently, DNA samples were extracted, amplified, and sequenced targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase gene.

Results: The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in infected dogs was estimated at 1.6%, based on microscopic and molecular diagnoses. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated a high level of genetic diversity of assemblage C (haplotype diversity; 0.802).

Conclusion: The pairwise sequence distances between the identified isolates of assemblage C showed an intradiversity of 0.3%-1.3% and identity of 98.7%-100%. Current findings indicate that a significant genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblage C haplotypes is unequivocally circulates among stray dogs in Northwest Iran.

Keywords: genetic variation, Giardia lamblia assemblage C, glutamate dehydrogenase, Iran, stray dogs.