Chemical composition and antioxidant content of Thymus vulgaris honey and Origanum vulgare essential oil; their effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity

Research (Published online: 30-01-2021)

38. Chemical composition and antioxidant content of Thymus vulgaris honey and Origanum vulgare essential oil; their effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity

Hamada Imtara, Noori Al-Waili, Abderrazak Aboulghazi, Abdelfattah Abdellaoui, Thia Al-Waili and Badiaa Lyoussi

Veterinary World, 14(1): 292-301

Hamada Imtara: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, P.O. Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine.

Noori Al-Waili: New York Medical Care for Nephrology, New York, USA.

Abderrazak Aboulghazi: Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.

Abdelfattah Abdellaoui: Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.

Thia Al-Waili: New York Medical Care for Nephrology, New York, USA.

Badiaa Lyoussi: Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.292-301

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Article history: Received: 04-07-2020, Accepted: 08-12-2020, Published online: 30-01-2021

Corresponding author: Badiaa Lyoussi

E-mail: lyoussi@gmail.com

Citation: Imtara H, Al-Waili N, Aboulghazi A, Abdellaoui A, Al-Waili T, Lyoussi B (2021) Chemical composition and antioxidant content of Thymus vulgaris honey and Origanum vulgare essential oil; their effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity, Veterinary World, 14(1): 292-301.

Abstract

Aim: The study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant content, and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris honey (TVH) and Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) and their mixture effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced toxicity.

Materials and Methods: The study conducted physicochemical characterization and chemical analysis of TVH and OVEO with the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The antioxidant activity of TVH and OVEO was done with the use of 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The study used nine groups of rats to investigate the effect of TVH, OVEO, and a mixture of TVH and OVEO (HEM) on CCl₄-induced toxicity. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄ (1 mL/100 g) was used to induce toxicity. The doses of TVH and OVEO were 1 mg/kg.b.wt, and 50 mg/kg.b.wt, respectively. HEM contains TVH (1 mg/kg.b.wt) and OVEO (50 mg/kg.b.wt).

Results: TVH has a high content of phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols. HPLC analysis showed that TVH contains, for the 1st time, epicatechin gallate, and at a high concentration. OVEO includes a high percentage of carvacrol and thymol. With the use of DPPH, OVEO was more potent than TVH. CCl₄ caused significant liver and kidney damage and lipid disorders, which were alleviated by HVT, OVEO, and HEM. HVT was more potent than OVEO (p<0.05), and HEM was more potent than HVT and OVEO (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The study identified high content of epicatechin gallate for the 1st time in TVH, and OVEO contains a high percentage of thymol and carvacrol. Epicatechin gallate might be useful as a marker for TVH. Mixing OVEO and TVH significantly potentiated their protection against CCl₄-induced liver and kidney toxicity.

Keywords: antioxidants, carbon tetrachloride, Origanum vulgare essential oil, thymus honey, toxicity.