Pretreatment with Salvadora persica L. (Miswak) aqueous extract alleviates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hematological toxicity in male mice

Research (Published online: 08-03-2021)

6. Pretreatment with Salvadora persica L. (Miswak) aqueous extract alleviates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hematological toxicity in male mice

Mohd Alaraj, Tolgahan Acar, Irena Kosinska, Bahaa Al-Trad, Ammar M. Almaaytah, Mohamed J. Saadh, Mohammed A. Qumani, Shahid M. Syed, Khalil I. Altaif and Hossain Ashfaque

Veterinary World, 14(3): 589-594

Mohd Alaraj: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Jordan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Tolgahan Acar: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Irena Kosinska: Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

Bahaa Al-Trad: Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Ammar M. Almaaytah: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Jordan; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Mohamed J. Saadh: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Jordan.

Mohammed A. Qumani: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Shahid M. Syed: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Khalil I. Altaif: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Jordan.

Hossain Ashfaque: Department of Medical Microbiology, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.589-594

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Article history: Received: 02-10-2020, Accepted: 27-01-2021, Published online: 08-03-2021

Corresponding author: Mohd Alaraj

E-mail: malaraj@meu.edu.jo

Citation: Alaraj M, Acar T, Kosinska I, Al-Trad B, Almaaytah AM, Saadh MJ, Qumani MA, Syed SM, Altaif KI, Ashfaque H (2021) Pretreatment with Salvadora persica L. (Miswak) aqueous extract alleviates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hematological toxicity in male mice, Veterinary World, 14(3): 589-594.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Paracetamol (PCM) ingestion is one of the most frequent global causes of toxicity. Salvadora persica L. is a plant that among many other effects exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effect of S. persica aqueous extract in the PCM overdose-induced liver and kidney injury and hematological changes in a mice model.

Materials and Methods: Mice were given PCM with and without S. persica pretreatment. Blood cell counts and liver and kidney function biomarkers were measured. Liver and kidney samples were histologically examined.

Results: A single overdose of PCM caused significant elevations of alanine and aspartate transaminases, alkaline phosphate, bilirubin, urea, uric acid, and creatinine compared with the control group. In addition, PCM toxicity significantly lowered red blood cell count but insignificantly increased both white blood cell and platelet counts in comparison to the control mice. Pretreatment with S. persica significantly prevented PCM-induced changes in hepatic and renal biomarkers. S. persica also caused marked reversal of hematological changes. Histologically, the liver and kidney showed inflammation and necrosis after PCM treatment, which were significantly reduced in mice pretreated with S. persica.

Conclusion: Taken together, S. persica significantly inhibited PCM-induced renal, hepatic, and hematological toxicity, pointing to its possible use in the treatment of liver and renal disorders.

Keywords: hematology, kidney, liver, mice, paracetamol, Salvadora persica L.