Ethanol extract from Moringa oleifera leaves modulates brown adipose tissue and bone morphogenetic protein 7 in high-fat diet mice

Research (Published online: 21-05-2021)

22. Ethanol extract from Moringa oleifera leaves modulates brown adipose tissue and bone morphogenetic protein 7 in high-fat diet mice

Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno, Fenty Alia, Neni Anggraeni, Vanessa Ayu Sumirat, Suhendra Praptama and Nur Atik

Veterinary World, 14(5): 1234-1240

Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia; Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia; Working Group of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia.

Fenty Alia: Study Program of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, 40257, Indonesia.

Neni Anggraeni: Medical Laboratory Technologist, Bakti Asih School of Analyst, Bandung, 40192, Indonesia.

Vanessa Ayu Sumirat: Medical Laboratory Technologist, Bakti Asih School of Analyst, Bandung, 40192, Indonesia; Study Program of Magister of Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, 40132, Indonesia.

Suhendra Praptama: Working Group of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia.

Nur Atik: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Indonesia.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1234-1240

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Article history: Received: 05-12-2020, Accepted: 26-03-2021, Published online: 21-05-2021

Corresponding author: Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno

E-mail: rizky@unpad.ac.id

Citation: Syamsunarno MRAA, Alia F, Anggraeni N, Sumirat VA, Praptama S, Atik N (2021) Ethanol extract from Moringa oleifera leaves modulates brown adipose tissue and bone morphogenetic protein 7 in high-fat diet mice, Veterinary World, 14(5): 1234-1240.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Brown adipose tissue's (BAT) ability to increase energy expenditure has become a new focus in obesity research. The amount and activity of BAT are inversely correlated with body-mass index and body fat percentage. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) plays a role in the differentiation and development of BAT, which can be increased by bioactive compounds from several medicinal plants. Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves are rich with vitamin, minerals, and bioactive compounds and have been used for treating obesity-related diseases in the past. The aim of this study was to explore the potency of MO leaf extract (MOLE) to modulate BAT differentiation in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four, 5-week-old male Deutsche Denken Yoken mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into four groups: The normal chow diet group was fed a normal diet, the HFD group was fed a HFD, the HFD+MOLE1, and the HFD+MOLE2 groups were fed HFD and MOLE in a dose of 280 and 560 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively. The experiment was performed for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, histological analysis was performed on the interscapular BAT, and blood was drawn for BMP7 protein levels.

Results: After 7 weeks, BAT weight in the HFD group was nearly twice in the weight of the HFD+MOLE1 group (125±13.78 mg vs. 75±13.78 mg; p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in BAT cell density in the HFD+MOLE1 group. BMP7 serum protein levels were significantly higher in the HFD+MOLE1 group compared to the HFD group.

Conclusion: The administration of MOLE in a dose of 280 mg/kg BW/day in HFD-mice induces BAT differentiation and proliferation by upregulating BMP7 protein levels.

Keywords: bone morphogenetic protein 7, brown adipose tissue, high-fat diet, Moringa oleifera leaves extract.