Open Access
Research (Published online: 15-08-2022)
3. Oxidative stress, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with acute lumpy skin disease in cattle
Ahmed Kamr, Hany Hassan, Ramiro Toribio, Anis Anis, Mohamed Nayel, and Ali Arbaga
Veterinary World, 15(8): 1916-1923

Ahmed Kamr: Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Animal Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
Hany Hassan: Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Animal Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
Ramiro Toribio: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Anis Anis: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
Mohamed Nayel: Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Animal Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
Ali Arbaga: Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Animal Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1916-1923

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Article history: Received: 21-03-2022, Accepted: 11-07-2022, Published online: 15-08-2022

Corresponding author: Hany Hassan

E-mail: hany.youssef@vet.usc.edu.eg

Citation: Kamr A, Hassan H, Toribio R, Anis A, Nayel M, and Arbaga A (2022) Oxidative stress, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with acute lumpy skin disease in cattle, Veterinary World, 15(8): 1916–1923.
Abstract

Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly infectious endemic viral disease of cattle in Africa and the Middle East. The objectives of this study were to assess histopathological changes in cattle infected with LSD and measure serum malondialdehyde (MDA – oxidant) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC – anti-oxidant), trace elements (zinc, copper, and iron), cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine concentrations.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of sixty native and mixed breed cattle; (healthy; n = 25) and (LSD diseased; n = 35). Serum concentrations of MDA and TAC were measured by colorimetric methods. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, Hp, and SAA concentrations were determined using human-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay kits.

Results: Serum MDA, cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), Hp, SAA, AST, ALT, CPK, BUN, and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher, while TAC, IL-10, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations were significantly lower in LSD compared to healthy cattle (p < 0.05). Cows and exotic mixed breed cattle were at higher risk of LSD oxidative stress than bulls and local breeds (p < 0.05). Age was not associated with the risk of LSD (p > 0.05). Histologically, there was extensive tissue necrosis, severe vasculitis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies.

Conclusion: LSD is associated with pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory states from imbalances that favor pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory factors in the detriment of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory factors, leading to organ dysfunction and ultimately death. Oxidative stress is more frequent in cows and mixed breed cattle than in bulls and local breeds.

Keywords: acute phase proteins, cytokines, lumpy skin disease, malondialdehyde, total anti-oxidant capacity.