Open Access
Research (Published online: 29-10-2022)
15. Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of coinfecting DNA viruses in Vietnamese pigs in 2017 and 2021
Van Giap Nguyen, Huu Anh Dang, Thanh Trung Nguyen, Thi My Le Huynh, Ba Hien Nguyen, Le Anh Minh Pham, and Huynh Thanh Phuong Le
Veterinary World, 15(10): 2491-2498

Van Giap Nguyen†: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Huu Anh Dang†: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Thanh Trung Nguyen: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Thi My Le Huynh: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Ba Hien Nguyen: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Le Anh Minh Pham: Department of Microbiology Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Huynh Thanh Phuong Le: Department of the Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
†These authors contributed equally to this work

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2491-2498

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Article history: Received: 27-06-2022, Accepted: 15-09-2022, Published online: 29-10-2022

Corresponding author: Huynh Thanh Phuong Le

E-mail: lhtphuong@vnua.edu.vn

Citation: Nguyen VG, Dang HA, Nguyen TT, Huynh TML, Nguyen BH, Pham LAM, and Le HTP (2022) Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of coinfecting DNA viruses in Vietnamese pigs in 2017 and 2021, Veterinary World, 15(10): 2491–2498.
Abstract

Background and Aim: Many studies have reported on the phenomenon of co-infections involving two or more pathogens (bacteria or viruses) over the past few years. However, very few studies on this issue were conducted in Vietnam. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the circulation of single and multiple porcine parvovirus (PPV) (e.g., PPV1, PPV2, PPV3, and PPV4), porcine bocavirus (PBoV), and torque teno virus (TTV) (TTV1 and TTV2) infections in Vietnamese pigs.

Materials and Methods: A total of 174 porcine circovirus 2-positive samples from pigs (n = 86 for 2017 and n = 88 for 2021), including from the sera and internal organs, across 11 provinces were examined by polymerase chain reaction.

Results: This study demonstrated the wide distribution of DNA viruses among pig farms in Vietnam in 2021, with the detection rate for PPV ranging from 3.4% to 27.3% among PPV1-PPV4. Moreover, the detection rates of TTV genotypes were confirmed to be 14.8% (TTV1) and 63.6% (TTV2), respectively, and the positive rate of PBoV was 65.9%. The most frequent combinations were double and triple infections. Double infection was found in 16/86 (18.6%) in 2017 and 26/88 (29.5%) in 2021, while triple infection was found at 19/86 (22.1%) in 2017 and 26/88 (29.5%) in 2021. The incidence of simultaneous detection of more than three viruses was low.

Conclusion: These results provide at least partial information about the occurrence of three viruses, including PPV (including PPV1 to 4), PBoV, and TTV (TTV1 and TTV2), in pigs. Determination of particular viruses in pigs will help to prevent the porcine respiratory disease complex caused by DNA viruses in Vietnamese pigs in the future.

Keywords: co-infection, porcine bocavirus, porcine parvovirus, torque teno virus, Vietnamese pigs.