The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Research (Published online: 26-01-2023)

19. The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Nawat Sannamwong, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram, Monkon Trisiriroj, and Thasinas Dissayabutra

Veterinary World, 16(1): 154-160

Nawat Sannamwong: Residency Program in Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Chollada Buranakarl: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Saikaew Sutayatram: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Monkon Trisiriroj: The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Thasinas Dissayabutra: STAR Unit of Renal Biochemistry and Stone Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.154-160

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Article history: Received: 05-09-2022, Accepted: 09-12-2022, Published online: 26-01-2023

Corresponding author: Chollada Buranakarl

E-mail: bchollad@chula.ac.th

Citation: Sannamwong N, Buranakarl C, Sutayatram S, Trisiriroj M, and Dissayabutra T (2023) The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease, Veterinary World, 16(1): 154–160.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron concentrations may be related to their urinary loss along with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the urinary loss of iron and transferrin (TF) in relation to the degree of proteinuria.

Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 37 dogs with CKD. Dogs were divided according to the severity of proteinuria into two groups based on the mean of urinary protein–creatinine (UPC) ratio into UPC ratio <4 and UPC ratio >4. The hematocrit (HCT), blood chemistries, plasma iron, plasma TF, UPC ratio, urinary iron per creatinine ratio (U-Iron/ CR), and urinary TF per creatinine ratio (U-TF/CR) were evaluated.

Results: Anemia was associated with the severity of renal impairment as demonstrated by reduction of HCT when staging of CKD was higher. Dogs with UPC ratio >4 had higher urinary loss of both U-Iron/CR (p < 0.01) and U-TF/CR (p < 0.001) with lower plasma TIBC (p < 0.001). The UPC ratio was positively correlated with both U-Iron/CR (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and U-TF/CR (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) but negatively with TIBC (r = –0.462, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Proteinuria was associated with urinary loss of both iron and TF which may contribute to anemia in CKD.

Keywords: dog, iron, proteinuria, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin.