Immune-inflammatory concept of the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

Vet World Vol.12 September-2019 Article-21

Research Article

Veterinary World, 12(9): 1491-1498

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1491-1498

Yu Vatnikov¹, A. Rudenko², P. Rudenko³, Ev Kulikov¹, A. Karamyan¹, V. Lutsay², I. Medvedev⁴, V. Byakhova¹, E. Krotova¹, and M. Molvhanova¹

1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia.
2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow 125080, Russia.
3. Laboratory of Biological Experiments, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 117997, Russia.
4. Department of Adaptive Physical Culture and Recreation, Russian State Social University, Moscow 129226, Russia.

Background and Aim: This study aimed to determine the immunological and inflammatory mechanisms surrounding the development of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were dogs with a dilated form of cardiomyopathy (n=159), complicated by various functional classes of heart failure syndrome. Evaluation of myocardial remodeling, systolic function, and systemic hemodynamics was performed using EMP-860 Vet and PU-2200V ultrasound scanners according to the standard technique. Electrocardiography was performed with all dogs in right lateral recumbency using the EK1T-04 Midas electrocardiograph (50 mm/s speed and 1 mV gain = 1 cm).

Results: In some affected animals, especially in cases of compensated dilated cardiomyopathy, leukocytosis was noted. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by heart failure syndrome of various functional classes, the number of neutrophils was significantly increased, and the number of lymphocytes was decreased by 1.9-2.1 times when compared with those in clinically normal animals. In dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, neutrophilic leukocytosis develops with a simple regenerative shift to the left. The results of immunological studies indicate that dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy develop T lymphocytopenia as compared with clinically normal animals.

Conclusion: The central component of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is the activation of the neurohumoral system and immune-mediated inflammation. The development of CHF in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, apoptosis, remodeling of the left ventricle, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, reduced cerebral blood flow, involvement of other key internal organs, and intestinal dysbiosis. Keywords: dilated cardiomyopathy, dogs, pathogenesis, heart failure, immunity and inflammation.

Keywords: dilated cardiomyopathy, dogs, pathogenesis, heart failure, immunity and inflammation.

How to cite this article: Vatnikov Y, Rudenko A, Rudenko P, Kulikov E, Karamyan A, Lutsay V, Medvedev I, Byakhova V, Krotova E, Molvhanova M (2019) Immune-inflammatory concept of the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, Veterinary World, 12(9): 1491-1498.

Received: 17-02-2019 Accepted: 07-08-2019 Published online: 28-09-2019

Corresponding author: V. Byakhova E-mail: byakhova-vm@rudn.ru

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1491-1498

Copyright: Vatnikov, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.